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    Generative Grammar

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    210302110019
    Generative grammar defines rules for generating grammatically correct sentences from basic elements. Phrase structure rules determine how words group into constituents like noun phrases and verb phrases. For example, a noun phrase consists of a determiner and a noun. Deep structure represents the underlying meaning and interpretation of a sentence, while surface structure is how it appears syntactically. Generative grammar uses finite rules to produce an infinite number of sentences.

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    Generative Grammar

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    Generative grammar defines rules for generating grammatically correct sentences from basic elements. Phrase structure rules determine how words group into constituents like noun phrases and verb phrases. For example, a noun phrase consists of a determiner and a noun. Deep structure represents the underlying meaning and interpretation of a sentence, while surface structure is how it appears syntactically. Generative grammar uses finite rules to produce an infinite number of sentences.

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    Generative grammar defines rules for generating grammatically correct sentences from basic elements. Phrase structure rules determine how words group into constituents like noun phrases and verb phrases. For example, a noun phrase consists of a determiner and a noun. Deep structure represents the underlying meaning and interpretation of a sentence, while surface structure is how it appears syntactically. Generative grammar uses finite rules to produce an infinite number of sentences.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    32 views16 pages

    Generative Grammar

    Uploaded by

    210302110019
    Generative grammar defines rules for generating grammatically correct sentences from basic elements. Phrase structure rules determine how words group into constituents like noun phrases and verb phrases. For example, a noun phrase consists of a determiner and a noun. Deep structure represents the underlying meaning and interpretation of a sentence, while surface structure is how it appears syntactically. Generative grammar uses finite rules to produce an infinite number of sentences.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Generative Grammar

    • Noam Chomsky 1950s


    • Generative = a very explicit system of
    rules specifying what combinations of
    basic elements result in well-formed
    sentences.
    • Defines the syntactic structure of a
    language.
    Generative Grammar
    • “all and only”= all grammatical sentences and
    only grammatical sentences

    • Finite rules infinite number of well-formed


    sentences

    • Productivity of language
    • Phrase structure rules
    • Transformational rules
    Phrase structure rules
    • Some words seem to belong together:
    • {The crazy man} {is jumping off the bridge}

    • Groups of words that belong together are called


    constituents

    • The component that determines the properties of the


    constituent is the head, and the constituent can be
    referred to as a phrase: e.g. noun phrase
    Phrase Structure Rules
    • If we look at phrases, some patterns emerge:
    Det N
    • the instructor = NP
    Det N
    • a friend = NP
    Det N
    • some homework = NP
    Det N
    • two classes = NP
    Phrase Structure Rules
    • some more patterns:
    V Det N
    • call the instructor= VP
    V Det N
    • meet a friend = VP
    V Det N
    • do some homework = VP
    V Det N
    • skip two classes = VP
    PSR
    • and yet more patterns:
    Prep Det N
    • with the instructor= PP
    Prep Det N
    • from a friend = PP
    Prep Det N
    • with some homework = PP
    Prep Det N
    • after two classes = PP
    PSR
    • Rules for determining the structure of phrases
    • Generate a lot of sentences from a small number of rules.
    • The structure of a phrase will consist of one or more constituents in a
    certain order.
    • What does a NP consist of?
    • “noun phrases have a Det and a N”
    NP Det N
    PSR
    •V Det N V Det N V Det N
    run a marathon eat the food read the book
    • V Prep Det N V Prep Det N
    go to the store talk with a teacher
    V Det N Prep Det N
    take your sister to the library
    • “Verb phrases have a V, (sometimes) an NP, and
    (sometimes) a PP”
    • VP -> V (NP) (PP)
    The main phrase structure rules

    1. S  NP VP
    2. NP  {Det N, Pro, PN}
    3. VP  V (NP) (PP) (Adv)
    4. PP  P NP
    5. AP  A (PP)
    Phrase Structure Rules & tree
    diagrams
    • NP  (Det) N
    • PP  P NP

    The boy (NP) the boy in the yard


    NP
    Det N
    Det N PP

    The boy P NP

    Det N

    The boy in the yard


    Phrase Structure Rules

    • VP  V (NP) (PP)
    • S  NP VP

    took the money (VP) took the money from the bank
    VP
    V NP
    V NP PP
    Det N
    Det N P NP
    took the money
    Det N

    took the money from the bank


    Example (1)
    The old tree swayed in the wind
    S

    NP VP

    Det Adj N V PP

    P NP

    Det N

    The old tree swayed in the wind


    Example (2)
    The children put the toy in the box
    S

    NP VP
    Det N V NP PP
    Det N P NP

    Det N
    The children put the toy in the box
    Example 3
    Deep and surface structure
    • The deep structure is an abstract level of structural organization in
    which all the elements determining structural interpretation are
    represented.
    • Sentences that have alternative interpretations
    • Sentences that have different surface forms but have the same underlying
    meaning.
    • Surface structure= how the sentence is actually represented
    Deep and surface structure
    • How superficially different sentences are closely
    related?
    • Charlie broke the window.
    • The window was broken by Charlie
    • Charlie who broke the window.
    • Was the window broken by Charlie?

    Difference in their surface structure = difference in


    syntactic forms
    BUT they have the same ‘deep’ or underlying
    structure

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