History KKK

PUGADLAWIN,
BALINTAWAK OR
BAHAY TORO?
Balintawak: The Cry for a
Nationwide Revolution
“ El grito rebelion” or “The Cry of Rebellion” is to
describe the momentous events sweeping the
Spanish colonies.
• In Mexico it was the “Cry of Dolores” (16
September 1810”
• In Brazil the “ City of Ypiraga” (7 September
1822)
• In Cuba the “Cry of Matanza” (24 February 1895)
a. Raging Controversy
On April 1895 in the Pamitinan Caves where a group
of Katipunan members wrote on the cave walls, “Viva
la indepencia Filipina!”
Teodoro Agoncillo chose to

emphasize Bonifacio’s
tearing of the cedula (tax
receipt) before a crowd of
Katipuneros who then broke
out in cheers.
Guardia Civil Manuel Sityar never mentioned in
his memoirs (1896-1898) the tearing inspection of
the cedula, but did note the pacto de sangre
(blood pact) mark on every se Filipino he met in
August 1896 on his reconnaissance missions
around Balintawak.
Emilio Aguinaldo commissioned a "Himno de

Balintawak” to herald renewed fighting after the
failed peace of the pact of Biyak na Bato.
On 3 September 1911,
a monument to the
Heroes of 1896 was
erected in what now.
the
intersection of Epifanio
de los Santos Avenue
and Andres Bonifacio
Drive-North Diversion
Road.
b. Conflicting Accounts
Was there a meeting at Pugad Lawin on 23 August
1896, after the meeting at Apolonio Samson's
residence in Hong Kong? Where were the cedulas
torn at Kangkong or Pugad Lawin?
In September 1896, Valenzuela stated before the

Olive Court, which was charged with investigating
persons involved in the rebellion, only that Katipunan
meetings took place from Sunday to Tuesday or 23 to
25 August at Balintawak.
In 1935 Valenzuela, Pantas and Pacheco
proclaimed "na hindi sa Balintawak
nangyari ang unang sigaw ng
paghihimagsik na kinalalagian ngayon ng
bantayog, kung di sa pook na kilala sa
tawag na Pugad Lawin."
c. The Pugad Lawin Marker
The prevalent account of the Cry is that of

Teodoro Agoncillo in Revelt of masses (1956):
It was in Pugad Lawin, where they proceeded

upon leaving Samson's place in the afternoon
of the 22nd, that the more than 1,000
members of the Katipunan met in the yard of
Juan A. Ramos.
On 30 June 1983, Quezon City Mayor Adelina S.
Rodriguez created the Lawin Historical Committee to
determine the location of Juan Ramos's 1896 resident
Pugad Lawin.
The NHL files on the committee's findings show the

following:
a. In August 1983, Pugad Lawin in barangay Bahay

Toro was inhabited squatter colonies The NHI believed
that it was correct in looking for the house of Ramos
and not of Tandang Sora.
• There was an old dap-dap tree at the site when the
NHI conducted its survey I 1983. Teodoro Agoncillo,
Gregorio Zaide and Pio Valenzuelado not mention a
dap-dap tree in their books.
b. Pio Valenzuela, the main proponent of the "Pugad

Lawin" version, was dead by the time the committee
conducted its research.
c. Teodoro Agoncillo tried to locate the marker installed in

August 1962 by the UP Student Council. However, was
no longer extant in 1983.
d. Ang Sigaw ng Pugad Lawin (1896)
On this site Andres Bonifacio and one thousand
(1,000) Katipuneros met in the morning of 21
August 1896 and decided to revolt against the
Spanish colonial government in the Philippines. As
an affirmation of their resolve, they tore up their tax
receipts which were symbols of oppression of the
Filipinos. This was very first Cry of the Oppressed
Nation against Spain which was enforced with use
of arms.
e. Cartographic Changes
Was there a Pugad Lawin in maps or literature of the
period?
A rough sketch or croquis de las operaciones

practicadas in El Español showed the movements of
Lt. Ros against the Katipunan on 25, 26, and 27 August
1896. The map defined each place name as sitio
"Baclac“
First, that "Pugad Lawin" was never officially
recognized as a place name or any in
Philippine map before Second World War.
Second, "Pugad Lawin" appeared in
historiography only from 1928, or some 32
years after the events took place. And third,
the revolution was always traditionally held to
have occurred in the area of Balintawak, which
was distinct from Kalookan and Diliman.
f. Determining the Date
The official stand of NHI is that the Cry took place on 23

August 1896. That date however, is debatable.
The later accounts of Pio Valenzuela and Guillermo

Masangkay on the tearing of cedulas on 23 August are
basically in agreement, but conflict with each other
location.
What occurred during those
last days of August 1896?
g. The Turning Point
Eyewitness accounts
mention captures,
escapes,
recaptures, killings
of Katipunan
members
The Cry, however, must be defined as that turning
point when the Filipinos finally rejected Spanish
colonial dominion over the Philippine Islands, by
formally constitution.
The introduction to the original Tagalog text of the

Biyak na Bato Constitution states:
Ang paghiwalay ng Filipinas sa kahariang España

sa patatag ng isang bayang may sariling
pamamahala’t kapangyarihan na pangalang
“Republika ng Filipinas” ay siyang layong inadhika
niyaring Paghihimagsik na kasalukuyan, simula pa ng
ika-24 ng Agosto ng taong 1896.
These lines-in a legal document at that-are

persuasive proof that in so far as the leaders of the
revolution are concerned, revolution began on 24
August 1896. The document was written only one
and a half years after the event and signed by over 50
Katipunan members, among them Emilio Aguinaldo,
Artemio Ricarte and Valentin Diaz.
The first monument to mark the Cry was
erected in 1903 on Ylaya Street in Tondo in
front of the house were Liga Filipina was
founded. The tablet cites Andres Bonifacio as
a founding member, and as "Supreme Head of
the Katipunan”, which gave the first battle Cry
against tyranny on August 24, 1896."
CRY OF PUGADLAWIN
The news of the discovery of
the Katipunan spread
throughout Manila and the
suburbs. Bonifacio, informed
of the discovery, secretly
instructed his runners to
summon all the leaders of the
society to a general assembly
to be held on August 24.
In the afternoon of August 22, they proceeded to
Pugadlawin. The following day. in the yard of Juan A.
Ramos, the son of Melchora Aquino who was later
called the "Mother of the Katipunan," Bonifacio asked
his men whether they were prepared to fight to the
bitter end. Despite the objection of his brother-in-law,
Teodoro Plata, all assembled agreed to fight to the last.
The men obediently tore up their cedulas, shouting
"Long live the Philippines!" This event marked the
so-called "Cry of Balintawak," which actually
happened in Pugadlawin.
CRY OF BALINTAWAK
In the midst of this dramatic
scene, some Katipuneros
who had just arrived from
Manila and Kalookan
shouted "Dong Andres!
The civil guards are
almost behind us, and will
reconnoiter the
mountains." Bonifacio at
once ordered his men to get
ready for the expected
attack of the Spaniards.
• At ten in the morning of August 25, the
rebels deployed and prepared for the enemy.
• On August 26, Spanish reinforcements were
dispatched to Pason Tamo to drive away.
Bonifacio issued a manifesto inciting the

people to take up the Filipino cause and to get
set for the concerted attack on the Spaniards
on August 29.
Thank you for listening!
GROUP MEMBERS:
Trisha Anne Ariola
Mylyn A. Amin
Denise Ann Fernandez
Jeryl Alvarez
Princess Shane Benitez
Junia Andaya
Charles Gibson

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PUGADLAWIN,

Teodoro Agoncillo chose to

Emilio Aguinaldo commissioned a "Himno de

In September 1896, Valenzuela stated before the

The prevalent account of the Cry is that of

It was in Pugad Lawin, where they proceeded

The NHL files on the committee's findings show the

a. In August 1983, Pugad Lawin in barangay Bahay

b. Pio Valenzuela, the main proponent of the "Pugad

c. Teodoro Agoncillo tried to locate the marker installed in

A rough sketch or croquis de las operaciones

The official stand of NHI is that the Cry took place on 23

The later accounts of Pio Valenzuela and Guillermo

The introduction to the original Tagalog text of the

Ang paghiwalay ng Filipinas sa kahariang España

These lines-in a legal document at that-are

Bonifacio issued a manifesto inciting the

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