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04 Input and Output Device Interfacing

I/O devices like switches, LEDs, LCDs and 7-segment displays require interface chips to synchronize data transfer between the CPU and devices. Interface chips connect the device data pins to the CPU data bus and I/O port pins. Common interfacing techniques include reading switch states through I/O ports, driving LEDs and displays by outputting logic levels, and using LCD controller registers and timing to send commands and display data.

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24 views

04 Input and Output Device Interfacing

I/O devices like switches, LEDs, LCDs and 7-segment displays require interface chips to synchronize data transfer between the CPU and devices. Interface chips connect the device data pins to the CPU data bus and I/O port pins. Common interfacing techniques include reading switch states through I/O ports, driving LEDs and displays by outputting logic levels, and using LCD controller registers and timing to send commands and display data.

Uploaded by

Priscilla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Input devices

• Keypad
• Switch

I/O device Interfacing


Output devices
• LEDs
• 7 SEG Display
• LCD

I/O device Interfacing


I/O devices (Peripherals)
• Examples: switches, LED, LCD, printers, keyboard,
keypad
• Interface chips
• are needed to resolve the speed problem
• synchronizes data transfer between CPU and I/O device
• Connection of Interface and CPU
• Data pins are connected to CPU data bus
• I/O port pins are connected to I/O device
• CPU may be connected to multiple interface
• IO ports are simplest interface
Switch On I/O Ports

• Case-1:
• Gives a logic 0 on switch close
• Current is 0.5ma on switch close

• Case-2:
• Gives a logic 1 on switch close
• High current on switch close
• Case-3:
• Can damage port if 0 is output

I/O device Interfacing


Simple input devices
• DIP switches usually have 8 switches
• Use the case-1 from previous page
• Sequence of instructions to read is:

I/O device Interfacing


Bouncing contacts
• Contact:
• Push-button switches
• Toggle switches
• Electromechanical relays
• Make and break Contact normally open switch
• The effect is called "contact bounce" or, in a switch,
"switch bounce”.

• If used as edge-triggered input (as INT0), several


interrupt is accorded

I/O device Interfacing


Hardware Solution
• An RC time constant to suppress the bounce
• The time constant has to be larger than the switch bounce

Vcc

OUT
Software Solution

• Read the new state of switch N time

• Wait-and-see technique
• When the input drops
• an “appropriate” delay is executed (10 ms)
• then the value of the line is checked again to make sure the
line has stopped bouncing

I/O device Interfacing


Interfacing a Keypad
16 keys arranged as a 4X4 matrix
• Place a 0 on R0 port
• Read C port
• If there is a 0 bit F E D C
then the button R1
at the column/row B A 9 8 R2
R3
intersection has R4
7 6 5 4
been pressed.
• Otherwise, try next row 3 2 1 0

• Repeat constantly C1
C2
C3
C4

I/O device Interfacing


Simple output devices
• Case-1
• LED is ON if output=zero
• Most LEDs drop 1.7 volts and need about 10ma
• Current is (5-1.7)/470
• Case-2
• Too much current
• Failure of Port or LED
• Case-3
• Not enough drive (1ma)
• LED is too dim

I/O device Interfacing


The 7-Segment Display

• 7 LEDs arranged to form the number 8.


• By turning on and off (LEDs), different combinations can
be produced.
• useful for displaying the digits 0 through 9, and some
characters.

I/O device Interfacing


The 7-segment Display (Cont.)

• 7-segment displays come in 2 configurations:

Common Anode Common Cathode


Connect cathode to the output Connect cathode to the output

• Therefore, the common anode variety would be better


for our interfacing needs.

I/O device Interfacing


Interfacing a 7-segment display
• Two ways
• Connecting the 7 data lines to the microcontroller pin
• Using a decoder – (4-8 decoder ) e.g. 7447
• Common cathode – requires a 1 to light LED and 0 to switch off –
Active high
• Common anode – requires a 0 to light and 1 to switch off- Active
Low

I/O device Interfacing


Connecting using a decoder

I/O device Interfacing


BCD to 7_Seg lookup table
BCD pgfedcba he
7_seg x
0000 001111 11 3f
0001 00110000 30
0010 0101101 1 5b
0011 010011 11 4f
0100 011001 10 66
0101 01101101 6d
0110 01111101 7d
0111 00000111 07
1000 01111111 7f
1001 01101111 6f
a a a a a a a a
f b f b b f b f f b f b f b
g g g g g g g
e c e e c c c e c c e c c
d d d d d d d
LCD Interfacing
• Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs)
• Cheap and easy way to display text
• Various configurations (1 line by 20 X char up to 8 lines X 80)
• Integrated controller
• The display has two register
• command register
• data register

• By RS you can select register


• Data lines (DB7-DB0) used to transfer data and commands

I/O device Interfacing


Alphanumeric LCD Interfacing

• Pinout
• 8 data pins D7:D0
• RS: Data or Command
Register Select
• R/W: Read or Write
• E: Enable (Latch data)

• RS – Register Select
• RS = 0  Command Register
• RS = 1  Data Register
• R/W = 0  Write , R/W = 1  Read
• E – Enable
• Used to latch the data present on the data pins.

• D0 – D7
• Bi-directional data/command pins.
• Alphanumeric characters are sent in ASCII format.

I/O device Interfacing


Interfacing LCD

I/O device Interfacing


LCD Commands
• The LCD’s internal controller can accept several commands and
modify the display accordingly. Such as:
• Clear screen
• Return home
• Decrement/Increment cursor

• After writing to the LCD, it takes some time for it to complete


its internal operations. During this time, it will not accept any
new commands or data.
• We need to insert time delay between any two commands or data sent
to LCD

I/O device Interfacing


Pin Description

I/O device Interfacing


Command
Codes

I/O device Interfacing


LCD Addressing

I/O device Interfacing


LCD Timing

I/O device Interfacing


I/O device Interfacing
Interfacing LCD

LM015
P3.4
RW
P3.5 E

P3.3 RS

P1.7-P1.0 D7-D0

I/O device Interfacing

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