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Module 3 Differential Protection

The document discusses several topics in module 3 including pilot relaying schemes, differential protection, and protection of rotating machines and transformers. It provides definitions and details on wire pilot protection, current differential relays, and the types of differential protection including current balance and voltage balance protection. It also discusses some disadvantages of differential protection.

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Dr. Srinivas M
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32 views

Module 3 Differential Protection

The document discusses several topics in module 3 including pilot relaying schemes, differential protection, and protection of rotating machines and transformers. It provides definitions and details on wire pilot protection, current differential relays, and the types of differential protection including current balance and voltage balance protection. It also discusses some disadvantages of differential protection.

Uploaded by

Dr. Srinivas M
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 3

• Pilot Relaying Schemes:


Introduction, Wire Pilot Protection, Carrier Current Protection
• Differential Protection
Introduction, Differential Relays, Simple Differential Protection,
Percentage or Biased Differential Relay, Differential Protection
of 3 Phase Circuits, Balanced (Opposed) Voltage Differential
Protection.
• Rotating Machines Protection:
Introduction, Protection of Generators.
• Transformer and Bus-zone Protection:
Introduction, Transformer Protection, Bus-zone Protection,
Frame Leakage Protection.
Differential Protection

Definition
•A two-winding relay that operates when the difference
between the currents in the two windings reaches a
predetermined value is called differential relays.
•A two-winding relay that operates when the difference
between the currents in the two windings reaches a
predetermined value.
• In case of electrical quantities exceed a predetermined
value, a current differential relay is one that compares the
current entering a section of the system with current leaving
the section.
• •Under normal operating conditions, the two currents are
equal but as soon as fault occurs, this condition no longer
applies. The difference between the incoming and outgoing
currents is arranged to flow through relay operating coil. If
this difference is equal to or greater than the pick up value
the relay will operate and open the circuit breaker and
isolate the faulty section.
• •Any type of relay when connected in a particular way can
be made to operate as a differential relay. It is not the relay
construction but the way in which relay is connected in a
circuit makes it a differential relay.
Types..
There are three fundamental systems of
differential or balanced protection:
I. Current differential relay
II. Voltage differential relay
III. Biased beam relay or percentage differential
relay
(i) Current balance protection
 Fig . shows an arrangement of an over current relay connected to operate as a
differential relay.
 A pair of identical current transformers is fitted on either end of the section to be
protected (alternator winding in this case).
 The secondary's of CT’s are connected in series in such a way that they carry the
induced currents in the same direction.
 The operating coil of over current relay is connected across the CT secondary
circuit. This differential relay compares the current at the two ends of the
alternator winding.
Disadvantages
Pilot Relaying Schemes:
Wire Pilot Protection
Constructional details.
•Fig. shows the simplified diagram illustrating the principle of
Translay scheme.
• It consists of two identical double winding induction type
relays fitted at either end of the feeder to be protected.
•The primary circuits (11, 11a) of these relays are supplied
through a pair of current transformers.
•The secondary windings (12, 13 and 12a, 13a) of the two relays
are connected in series by pilot wires in such a way that voltages
induced in the former opposes the other.
•The compensating devices (18, 18a) neutralize the effects of
pilot-wire capacitance currents and of inherent lack of balance
between the two current transformers

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