Qualitative

Research
Design
Learning Objective
chooses appropriate qualitative research
design (CS_RS11- IVa-c-1)
POST THE QUESTION (3 minutes)
Individual: Cite issues, concerns or problems
that you have encountered (individual,
community & society). Then, choose one
which interests you the most.
GROUP ACTIVITY (5 minutes)
Choose an issue/problem/concern that you want to focus
on. Pretend that you are conducting the study. Answer the
following questions to illustrate your plan.
1. Issue/Problem/Concern:
2. Specific field:
3. Why do you find this particular problem interesting?
Research Design
• a structure for the collection and analysis
of data
• rational and coherent overall plan that the
researcher uses to incorporate all the
components of the research study
• Research blueprint
• requires you to finalize your mind on the
purpose,
• conceptual basis, and types of data,
including your method of collecting,
analyzing, interpreting, and presenting the
data
 Qualitative
Research Design
• a variety of approaches and methods
that differ significantly in terms of
emphasis, assumptions about the
nature of knowledge, and the position
of the researcher
• excellent at addressing “How?” and
“What?” questions (“Whether” or “if”
for quantitative)
Types of Qualitative
Research Design
Case Study
Ethnography
Ground Theory
Phenomenology
Narrative Inquiry
 Case Study
• based on an in-depth analysis of a
particular person, group or occurrence
to investigate causation
• context of the case requires situating
the case within its physical, social,
historical, and/or economic context
• an empirical investigation that
explores, in its real-life context, a
contemporary phenomenon,
particularly when the boundaries
between phenomenon and context are
not clearly evident
 Advantages Disadvantages
• More understanding of complex issues • Intense exposure to the study may
• Apply a variety of methodologies and bias the researcher’s
sources to investigate a research interpretation of the findings
problem
• Design does not facilitate the
• Extend experience or add strength to assessment of cause and effect
what is already known through
previous research relationships
• Most widely used by social scientists • Vital information may be
to examine contemporary real-life missing, making the case hard to
situations and provide the basis for the interpret
application of concepts
• The case may not be
• It can provide detailed descriptions of representative or typical of the
specific and rare cases
larger problem being investigated
 Purpose Method Analysis Outcomes

Data collection -
describes in-de
pth direct observation,
the experience
of interviews, subject
one person, interaction, In-depth
family, archival synthesis of description of
organization, records of experience their real-life
community, or documents, settings
institution. physical artifacts,
and audiovisual
materials
Example:

This case study research provides a real-life

understanding of the issue of K to12 implementation in
education.
Sample Research Titles:
• Internationalizing the Basic Education Curriculum: A Philippine Case
Study
• School Viability: A Case Study of Victoria Heights School in Manila
• Entrepreneurial University: A Case Study of De La Salle – Araneta
University, Philippines
• Team Effectiveness in an Academic School Organization: A Multiple
Case Study
 Ethnography
• greek ethnos = folk/people &
graphien=writing
• the direct description of a group,
society, or culture
• An analysis of people’s cultural trends
and their ethnic perspective as a group.
It includes their beliefs, values, and
behaviors as well.
• the analysis of social interactions,
attitudes, and perceptions that take
place within social groups, teams,
organizations, and societies
Purpose Method Analysis Outcomes
Data collection -
Immerse yourself in
the culture and try to
e
see the world from th
point of view of a Explain the
To describe
cultured member; features of cult Description of
culture’s obtain informants;
u re
as its participan culture
characteristics gather knowledge t
through direct experiences
ws
observation, intervie
with key informants
and contact with
subjects.
Example:

While the study focuses on a very local orientation, it takes cognizance of the
community‘s enrollment in a bigger polity: national and global economic and political
spaces. Thus, the study focuses on what local life means and exemplifies the epoch of a fast-globalizing world. It
highlights the enduring importance of the local link in this case to the people in the fishing community‘s relative
immobility and marginal position in the sphere of the Philippine economy in particular and the global economy in general.
Sample Research Titles:
• A ‘Balikbayan’ in the field: Scaling and (Re)producing insider’s
identity in a Philippine fishing community
• The Kinship of Everyday Need: Relatedness and Survival in a
Philippine Fishing Community
• Bagong Silang Community: An Ethnographic Study of Strategies of
Survival
• A Story of High School Inclusion: An Ethnographic Case Study
 Ground Theory
• allow you to develop theory that
describes the primary concern of the
population of your substantive region
and how that concern is addressed or
processed
• approach that generates and modifies a
theory
• a systematic inductive approach for
conducting qualitative research aimed
toward theory development.
 Purpose Method Analysis Outcomes
• Generate or
discover a theo Steps occur
ry
that applies to a simultaneously; a
specific situatio continuous
n . Concept
• Used in comparative process
discovering wh
at
Data is typically
n-
formation, Theory supported
obtained through no
problems exist
very social scen
in a
standardized
development, by examples from
e modification an credible data
• It involve
s interviews and d
formulating and participant observatio
n integration
testing ideas but often through
before a theory access to other data
is
established sources.
Example:

The narratives revealed a rich and contextualized overview that lay a foundation for understanding the
perceptions and experiences of Filipino women and men living with intimate partner violence. The data point to recurrent
themes of poverty, gambling, alcohol, and drug use, poor communication skills, jealousy, and philandering. Violation of the
dignity of a person that brought with it children as victims were implicated in the cycle of violence.
In addition, value formation was cited as an integral aspect of rehabilitation programs. The qualitative data in
this grounded theory research illustrate the complexity of intimate partner violence in Filipino homes. The need for
education about spousal violence and the presence of a support system for protection, counseling, and rehabilitation are
prominent keys to reducing violence in Filipino Homes.
Sample Research Titles:
• Perceptions of Filipino Women and Men on Intimate Partner Violence
• Becoming Selfless: A Grounded Theory of Commitment to Service
• For Person to Father: A Grounded Theory of Male Gender Identity
Formation
• Investigating Food Development in an Area of Philippines: An
Explorative Study Using a Grounded Theory Approach
 Phenomenology
• Describes the importance of the
experiences of a certain principle
phenomenon encountered by an
individual or group of individuals.
• A chosen phenomenon focuses on the
individual's subjective experience and
attempts to explain a phenomenon's
meaning or form from the viewpoint
of others who have encountered it.
 Purpose Method Analysis Outcomes
• Classify and Findings
• To describe Sampling and data •
experiences as collection rank data defined from
• Seek persons who • Sense of
they lived. the perspective
• Examines understand research wholeness
the and are willing to • Examine of the subject.
uniqueness of • Structural
share inner feelings experiences
the & experiences. beyond human overview of
circumstances o • Describe
f consciousness/ findings is
individuals experiences of the
living. phenomenon. or cannot be developed
communicated
Example:

The results of the study revealed that the experiences of Filipino physician-turned nurses involved
multidimensional issues, both in the contexts of emigration and a professional shift from physician to nurse. Being the first
of its kind, this study will enlighten society of the lived experiences of Filipino physicians who compromise professional
integrity by working as nurses just to migrate to the United States. Furthermore, this research study will contribute to the
existing literature on cross-cultural adaptation, particularly involving role compromise in an unfamiliar social and cultural
context.
Sample Research Titles:
• Social Futures of Global Climate Change: A Structural
Phenomenology
• The Importance of Feeling Awkward: A Dialogical Narrative
Phenomenology of Socially Awkward Situations
• Social Responsibility: A Phenomenology of Perceived-Successful
Student Leadership Experience
• Emotions in the Flesh: A Phenomenology of Emotions in the Lived
Body
 Narrative Inquiry
• study of life experiences (for example,
life stories, narrative interviews,
magazines, diaries, memoirs,
autobiographies, biographies)
understood narratively
• method of collecting information
through storytelling for the purpose of
research, more specifically it studies
people’s lives and asks one or more
individuals to provide stories about
their lives
• information is then retold or re-storied
by the researcher into a narrative
chronology.
 Purpose Method Analysis Outcomes
search
• In long interviews, re
d to
participants are aske
sive
provide a comprehen
account of themselv
es and their Can take the form
stories instead of an
swering a
questions. Synthesis of all of biographical
Describe perso predetermined list of
n’s Develop an inventor
y of data; studies,
understanding o
•
ivate accept and reje
meaning of eve
f the sources - archives, pr
libraries, papers. data; reconcile
ct autobiographies,
nts in • Clarification of data
validity
ary conflicting evid
e nc e
memoirs, life
their lives and reliability - prim
sources, accuracy, bi
ases
tline to
histories, or oral
Develop a research ou
•
coordinate the invest
igative histories.
process
Example:

The study yielded four significant themes that describe how Filipino teachers as
relational people experience and interpret supportive relationships in the school setting. These
include supportive relationships as (1) a life-giving force; (2) an extension of one‘s family; (3) a
reciprocal process; and (4) a work still in progress.
Sample Research Titles:
• Enhancing the Transparency of Accounting Research: The Case of
Narrative Analysis
• The Narrative Research Trail: Values of Ambiguity and Relationships
• Narrative Inquiry: Approaches to Language and Literacy Research
• Through the Looking Glass Space of New Ways to Knowing: A
Personal Research Narrative
Types of Qualitative Research
Case Study

Ethnography

Grounded Theory

Phenomenology

Narrative Inquiry
 Exercise
Determine the qualitative
research design appropriate for
the following research topics.
1. Spending half a
year living with
the people in
Surigao City.
a. Case Study
b. Ethnography
c. Grounded Theory
d. Phenomenology
e. Narrative Inquiry
1. Spending half a
year living with
the people in
Surigao City.
a. Case Study
b. Ethnography
c. Grounded Theory
d. Phenomenology
e. Narrative Inquiry
2. Impact of the
implementation of
COVID -19 health
protocols in all
establishments on
Consumer Behavior.
a. Case Study
b. Ethnography
c. Grounded Theory
d. Phenomenology
e. Narrative Inquiry
2. Impact of the
implementation of
COVID -19 health
protocols in all
establishments on
Consumer Behavior.
a. Case Study
b. Ethnography
c. Grounded Theory
d. Phenomenology
e. Narrative Inquiry
3. Biographical research
of teacher’s experience
of supportive
relationships with
colleagues.
a. Case Study
b. Ethnography
c. Grounded Theory
d. Phenomenology
e. Narrative Inquiry
3. Biographical research
of teacher’s experience
of supportive
relationships with
colleagues.
a. Case Study
b. Ethnography
c. Grounded Theory
d. Phenomenology
e. Narrative Inquiry
4. Post-traumatic
experiences of the
COVID-19 survivors.
a. Case Study
b. Ethnography
c. Grounded Theory
d. Phenomenology
e. Narrative Inquiry
4. Post-traumatic
experiences of the
COVID-19 survivors.
a. Case Study
b. Ethnography
c. Grounded Theory
d. Phenomenology
e. Narrative Inquiry
5. Study of experiences
on helping
professionals with
learning disabilities.
a. Case Study
b. Ethnography
c. Grounded Theory
d. Phenomenology
e. Narrative Inquiry
5. Study of experiences
on helping
professionals with
learning disabilities.
a. Case Study
b. Ethnography
c. Grounded Theory
d. Phenomenology
e. Narrative Inquiry
References