Chapter 3 Readings in PH History
Chapter 3 Readings in PH History
Do you know Cavite mutiny is one of the most significant historical event in
the Philippines.
In 1872 the official report of Governor Izquierdo "the Cavite mutiny" and
"martyr priest GOMBURZA" ,, he detailed the justice of the government in
not paying the province for their tobacco. They present the illusion that
colonialism helps the country's economy. However, foreigners often
benefited more than local citizens. This system neglects the natural
resources of the Philippines for the benefit of foreigners
Primary Source 3: Excerpts from the Official Report of
Governor Izquierdo on the Cavite Mutiny of 1872
This uprising among the soldiers in Cavite was used as a powerful level by the
Spanish residents and by the friars, the Central Government in Madrid had announced its
intention to deprive the friars in these islands of powers of intervention in matters of evil
government and of the direction and management of the university it was due to these facts
and promises that the Filipinos had great hopes of an improvement in the affairs of their
country, while the friars, on the other hand, feared that their power in the colony would soon
be complete a thing of the past. According to this account, the incident was merely a mutiny
by Filipino soldiers and laborers of the Cavite arsenal to the dissatisfaction arising from the
draconian policies of Izquierdo, such as the abolition of privileges and the prohibition of the
founding of the school of arts and trades for Filipinos, which the General saw as a
smokescreen to creating a political club.
Tavera is of the opinion that the Spanish friars and Izquierdo used the Cavite
Mutiny as a way to address other issues by blowing out of proportion the isolated mutiny
attempt During this time the Central Government in Madrid was planning to deprive the
friars of all the powers of intervention in matters of civil government and direction and
management of educational institutions.
The friars needed something to justify their continuing dominance in the country,
and the mutiny provided such opportunity. However, the Central Spanish Government
introduced an educational decree fusing sectarian schools by the friars into a school called
the Philippine Institute The decree aimed to improve the standard of education in the
Philippines by requiring teaching positions in these schools te be filled by competitve
examinations, an improvement welcomed by most Filipinos. Another account, this time by
French writer Edmund Plauchut, complemented Tavera's account and analyzed the
motivations of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny.
General La Torre
LAST HOURS OF RIZAL
In the late 19th century, the Spanish colonies, including the Philippines,
experienced significant events, known as the "Cry of Rebellion." In August
1896, the Philippines declared rebellion against the Spanish colonial
government northeast of Manila. These events are significant markers in
the history of colonies that struggled for independence against their
colonizers. The controversy surrounding the event stems from the
identification of the date and place. Historian Teodoro Agoncillo
emphasizes the event when Bonifacio tore the cedula before the
Katipuneros. Some writers suggest the first military event with the
Spaniards was the moment of the Cry. Emilio Aguinaldo commissioned a
"Himno de Balintawak" to inspire the renewed struggle after the Pact of
the Biak na Bato failed. A monument to the Heroes of 1896 was erected at
the intersection of Epifanio de Los Santos and Andres Bonifacio Drive-
North Diversion Road, and the Cry of Balintawak was celebrated every
26th of August until 1962.
Different Dates
and Place of the
Cry
Various accounts of the cry give different dates and places. A Guardia civil, Lt. Olegario Diaz,
identifies the cry as having happened in Balintawak on August 25, 1896. Teodoro Kalaw, a Filipino
historian, marked the place to be in Kangkong, Balintawak, on the last week of August 1896.
Santiago Alvarez, in Katipunero and son of Mariano Alvarez, leader of the Magdiwang faction in
Cavite, puts the cry in Bahay Toro in Quezon City on August 24, 1896. Pio Valenzuela, who knows
Katipunero and has privy to many events concerning the Katipunero, states that the cry happened
in Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896. Historian Gregorio Zaide identified the cry as having happened
in Balintawak on August 26, 1896, while Teodoro Agoncillo put it at Pugad Lawin on August 23,
1896, according to a statement by Pio Valenzuela.Research by historians Milagros Guerrero,
Emmanuel Encarnacion,and Ramon Villegas claimed that the event took place in Tandang Sora's
barn in Gulad, Barangay Banlat, Quezon City,on August 24, 1896.
The two Primary Sources are the
accounts of Guillermo Masangkay
and Pio Valenzuela
- Guillermo Masangkay
On August 26, 1896, a big meeting was held in Balintawak
Apolonio Samson's house in Caloocan, the meeting was composed
of all the leaders of Katipunan & board directors of the said
organization. At 9 o clock of August 26, the meeting was opened
by Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Jacinto presiding as secretary the
main purpose was to discuss when the rebellion/uprising should
take place, but three members were opposed to starting the
revolution too early however because of Bonifacio's intense and
convincing speech members of the KKK destroyed their cedulas to
symbolize their defiance and severance from the Spaniards and
together raised the cry of revolt.
- Pio Valenzuela
The first five person to arrive in their place of refuge was ( Andres Bonifacio,
Emilio Jacinto, Procopio Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata and Agueda del Rosario
while Pio Valenzuela himself arrived on the said place the next day. 500
members of the KKK gathered in the house of Apolinio Samson on august 22,
1896 views were only exchanged, no resolution was adopted or debated it was
at Pugad Lawin, the store house of Juan Ramos, son of Melchora Aquino, over
a thousand members of KKK gathered discussing whether or not the
revolution should start on august 29, 1896 after the tumultuous meeting those
who were present tore their cedulas certificate and shouted "long live the
Philippines"
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