0% found this document useful (0 votes)
29 views41 pages

Chapter 3 Readings in PH History

The document discusses historical interpretations of the Cavite Mutiny of 1872 in the Philippines through analyzing accounts from primary sources. It provides background on Spanish historian Jose Montero y Vidal, French writer Edmund Plauchut, and Filipino nationalist Trinidad Pardo de Tavera. It examines excerpts from their works and from Governor General Rafael de Izquierdo's official report, which present differing narratives on the causes and nature of the mutiny. The varying interpretations demonstrate how understanding of historical events can change based on perspective, context, and critical analysis of sources.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
29 views41 pages

Chapter 3 Readings in PH History

The document discusses historical interpretations of the Cavite Mutiny of 1872 in the Philippines through analyzing accounts from primary sources. It provides background on Spanish historian Jose Montero y Vidal, French writer Edmund Plauchut, and Filipino nationalist Trinidad Pardo de Tavera. It examines excerpts from their works and from Governor General Rafael de Izquierdo's official report, which present differing narratives on the causes and nature of the mutiny. The varying interpretations demonstrate how understanding of historical events can change based on perspective, context, and critical analysis of sources.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 41

Chapter 3

Historical Interpretations in Philippine History


Learning
Objectives

• To interpret historical events using


primary sources.
• To recognize the multiplicity of
interpretation that can be read
from a historical text.
• To identify the advantages and
disadvantages of not employing
critical tools in interpreting
historical events through primary
sources.
• To demonstrate ability to argue for
or against a particular issue using
primary sources
MAKING SENSE OF THE
PAST: HISTORICAL

INTERPRETATION
This chapter focuses on the fluidity of historical interpretations
and the value of critical analysis in historical studies.
• It makes the point that how the past is understood might change
depending on who is looking at the primary materials, when they are
looking at them, and how the study is done.
• It emphasizes the necessity for history students to be able to
recognize various interpretations comprehend why they vary
and evaluate them using historical analysis.
MAKING SENSE OF THE
PAST: HISTORICAL
INTERPRETATION
As history is a construct that is open to interpretation, it
also implies that what we originally thought to be "facts“
about the past may alter through time. There are competing
and conflicting narratives of historical events
that might affect how we view the past and identity of our
nation. To assure the accuracy of our understanding of
historical events it is necessary to assess not just the primary
sources themselves but also the interpretations of those
sources.
Multiperspectivity
Beyond its benefits for learning within the discipline of
history itself, “multiperspectivity” also encourages greatere
empathy, open-mindedness and an appreciation of
difference and diversity.

At historical events, personalities, developments and


cultures and society from different perspectives.

We must understand that historical interpretations contain


discrepancies, contradictions, ambiguities, and are
oftentimes the focus of dissent.
CASE 3: What happened in the
Cavite Mutiny
In the year 1872, two significant events unfolded in
the Philippines: the Cavite Mutiny and the
martyrdom of three priests known as
GOMBURZA. These events hold immense
importance in Philippine history, influencing the
course of the Philippine Revolution later in the
century.
Jose Montero y Vidal
• A Spanish historian and author
known for his extensive work on the
history of the Philippines during the
Spanish colonial period

• Born on May 18, 1832, in Tarragona,


Spain, and passed away on August 24,
1897

• His works aimed to provide a detailed


and scholarly account of the
Philippines' history, culture, and
colonial experience under Spanish
rule
Edmund Plauchut
• a French journalist, writer, and
traveler who gained recognition for
his writings on various countries and
regions, including the Philippines

• Was born on June 12, 1849, in France

• Visited the Philippines and wrote


about various aspects of life and
society in the country during the late
19th century

• Documented events such as the


Cavite Mutiny of 1872 and the
Martyrdom of GOMBURZA
Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera
• Was born on February 19, 1857, in
Manila, Philippines and died on
March 26, 1925

• Was a prominent Filipino physician,


linguist, and nationalist during the
late 19th and early 20th centuries

• Was actively involved in the Filipino


nationalist movement

• Served as a representative of the


Philippines in the Spanish Cortes
General Rafael de Izquierdo y Gutiérrez
• A Spanish military officer and
colonial administrator who served as
the Governor-General of the
Philippines during a crucial period in
the late 19th century

• Born on March 3, 1830, in Spain

• Was appointed as the Governor-


General of the Philippines in 1871

• Implemented various policies and


reforms
Primary Source 1: Excerpts from Montero's Account of the
Cavite Mutiny

“The abolition of privileges enjoyed by the laborers of the Cavite


arsenal of exemption from the tribute was, according to some, the
cause of the insurrection. There were, however, other causes.”

"The Spanish revolution which overthrew a secular throne; the


propaganda carried on by an unbridled press against monarchical
principles, attentatory [sic] of the most sacred respects towards the
dethroned majesty; the democratic and republican books and
pamphlets; the speeches and preachings of the apostles of these
new ideas in Spain; the outbursts of the American publicists and the
criminal policy of the senseless Governor whom the Revolutionary
government sent to govern the Philippines, and who put into
practice these ideas were the determining circumstances which gave
rise, among certain Filipinos, to the idea of attaining their
independence."
Primary Source 1: Excerpts from Montero's Account of the
Cavite Mutiny

“…with the powerful assistance of a certain section of the native


clergy, who out of spite toward friars, made common cause with the
enemies of the mother country.”

“…in the beginning of year 1872, the authorities received


anonymous communications with the information that a great
uprising would break out against the Spaniards”

“…the principal leaders met either in the house of Filipino Spaniard,


D. Joaquin Pardo de Tavera, or in that of the native
priest, Jacinto Zamora, and these meetings were usually attended
by the curate of Bacoor, the soul of the movement”

Padre Jacinto Zamora


Primary Source 2: Excerpts from the Official Report of
Governor Izquierdo on the Cavite Mutiny of 1872

Do you know Cavite mutiny is one of the most significant historical event in
the Philippines.

In 1872 the official report of Governor Izquierdo "the Cavite mutiny" and
"martyr priest GOMBURZA" ,, he detailed the justice of the government in
not paying the province for their tobacco. They present the illusion that
colonialism helps the country's economy. However, foreigners often
benefited more than local citizens. This system neglects the natural
resources of the Philippines for the benefit of foreigners
Primary Source 3: Excerpts from the Official Report of
Governor Izquierdo on the Cavite Mutiny of 1872

This uprising among the soldiers in Cavite was used as a powerful level by the
Spanish residents and by the friars, the Central Government in Madrid had announced its
intention to deprive the friars in these islands of powers of intervention in matters of evil
government and of the direction and management of the university it was due to these facts
and promises that the Filipinos had great hopes of an improvement in the affairs of their
country, while the friars, on the other hand, feared that their power in the colony would soon
be complete a thing of the past. According to this account, the incident was merely a mutiny
by Filipino soldiers and laborers of the Cavite arsenal to the dissatisfaction arising from the
draconian policies of Izquierdo, such as the abolition of privileges and the prohibition of the
founding of the school of arts and trades for Filipinos, which the General saw as a
smokescreen to creating a political club.
Tavera is of the opinion that the Spanish friars and Izquierdo used the Cavite
Mutiny as a way to address other issues by blowing out of proportion the isolated mutiny
attempt During this time the Central Government in Madrid was planning to deprive the
friars of all the powers of intervention in matters of civil government and direction and
management of educational institutions.

The friars needed something to justify their continuing dominance in the country,
and the mutiny provided such opportunity. However, the Central Spanish Government
introduced an educational decree fusing sectarian schools by the friars into a school called
the Philippine Institute The decree aimed to improve the standard of education in the
Philippines by requiring teaching positions in these schools te be filled by competitve
examinations, an improvement welcomed by most Filipinos. Another account, this time by
French writer Edmund Plauchut, complemented Tavera's account and analyzed the
motivations of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny.

Primary Source 3: Excerpts from the Official Report of


Governor Izquierdo on the Cavite Mutiny of 1872
Primary Source 4: Excerpts from Plauchut's Account of the
Cavite Mutiny

Six Spanish officials and some high-ranking officials, including


some friars, made up the junta that General La Torre established. The
government in Madrid established a committee at the same time to look
into the identical issues brought up by the Manila committee. When the
two had finished their investigation, it was discovered that their
conclusions were the same.

All hopes of reform were abruptly dashed upon General


Izquierdo's arrival in Manila, which was probably what the new Governor
General was expecting.

General La Torre
LAST HOURS OF RIZAL

•At 7:50 yesterday morning, Rizal entered death row


accompanied by his counsel, Señor Taviel de Andrade,
and the Jesuit priest Vilaclara.

•At 10:00, Señor Andrade left death row and Rizal


spoke for long while with the Jesuit fathers, March and
Vilaclara, regarding religious matters, it seems.
LAST HOURS OF RIZAL
•At 3 in the afternoon, Father March entered the chapel
and Rizal handed him what he had written.

•At 5 in the morning of the 30th, the lover of Rizal


arrived at prison dressed in mourning.
CRY OF BALINTAWAK
OR PUGADLAWAN
SUMMARY

In the late 19th century, the Spanish colonies, including the Philippines,
experienced significant events, known as the "Cry of Rebellion." In August
1896, the Philippines declared rebellion against the Spanish colonial
government northeast of Manila. These events are significant markers in
the history of colonies that struggled for independence against their
colonizers. The controversy surrounding the event stems from the
identification of the date and place. Historian Teodoro Agoncillo
emphasizes the event when Bonifacio tore the cedula before the
Katipuneros. Some writers suggest the first military event with the
Spaniards was the moment of the Cry. Emilio Aguinaldo commissioned a
"Himno de Balintawak" to inspire the renewed struggle after the Pact of
the Biak na Bato failed. A monument to the Heroes of 1896 was erected at
the intersection of Epifanio de Los Santos and Andres Bonifacio Drive-
North Diversion Road, and the Cry of Balintawak was celebrated every
26th of August until 1962.
Different Dates
and Place of the
Cry
Various accounts of the cry give different dates and places. A Guardia civil, Lt. Olegario Diaz,
identifies the cry as having happened in Balintawak on August 25, 1896. Teodoro Kalaw, a Filipino
historian, marked the place to be in Kangkong, Balintawak, on the last week of August 1896.
Santiago Alvarez, in Katipunero and son of Mariano Alvarez, leader of the Magdiwang faction in
Cavite, puts the cry in Bahay Toro in Quezon City on August 24, 1896. Pio Valenzuela, who knows
Katipunero and has privy to many events concerning the Katipunero, states that the cry happened
in Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896. Historian Gregorio Zaide identified the cry as having happened
in Balintawak on August 26, 1896, while Teodoro Agoncillo put it at Pugad Lawin on August 23,
1896, according to a statement by Pio Valenzuela.Research by historians Milagros Guerrero,
Emmanuel Encarnacion,and Ramon Villegas claimed that the event took place in Tandang Sora's
barn in Gulad, Barangay Banlat, Quezon City,on August 24, 1896.
The two Primary Sources are the
accounts of Guillermo Masangkay
and Pio Valenzuela
- Guillermo Masangkay
On August 26, 1896, a big meeting was held in Balintawak
Apolonio Samson's house in Caloocan, the meeting was composed
of all the leaders of Katipunan & board directors of the said
organization. At 9 o clock of August 26, the meeting was opened
by Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Jacinto presiding as secretary the
main purpose was to discuss when the rebellion/uprising should
take place, but three members were opposed to starting the
revolution too early however because of Bonifacio's intense and
convincing speech members of the KKK destroyed their cedulas to
symbolize their defiance and severance from the Spaniards and
together raised the cry of revolt.
- Pio Valenzuela
The first five person to arrive in their place of refuge was ( Andres Bonifacio,
Emilio Jacinto, Procopio Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata and Agueda del Rosario
while Pio Valenzuela himself arrived on the said place the next day. 500
members of the KKK gathered in the house of Apolinio Samson on august 22,
1896 views were only exchanged, no resolution was adopted or debated it was
at Pugad Lawin, the store house of Juan Ramos, son of Melchora Aquino, over
a thousand members of KKK gathered discussing whether or not the
revolution should start on august 29, 1896 after the tumultuous meeting those
who were present tore their cedulas certificate and shouted "long live the
Philippines"
Thank you

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy