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    Resistivity

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    Roberta Dalisay
    Resistivity is a measure of how effectively a material slows the flow of electricity, with insulators having high resistivity and conductors having low resistivity. Resistance depends on the material's resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area, following the formula R=ρ(l/A). Doubling the length of a wire doubles its resistance, while doubling its cross-sectional area halves its resistance.

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    Resistivity

    Uploaded by

    Roberta Dalisay
    29 views19 pages
    Resistivity is a measure of how effectively a material slows the flow of electricity, with insulators having high resistivity and conductors having low resistivity. Resistance depends on the material's resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area, following the formula R=ρ(l/A). Doubling the length of a wire doubles its resistance, while doubling its cross-sectional area halves its resistance.

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    Resistivity is a measure of how effectively a material slows the flow of electricity, with insulators having high resistivity and conductors having low resistivity. Resistance depends on the material's resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area, following the formula R=ρ(l/A). Doubling the length of a wire doubles its resistance, while doubling its cross-sectional area halves its resistance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    29 views19 pages

    Resistivity

    Uploaded by

    Roberta Dalisay
    Resistivity is a measure of how effectively a material slows the flow of electricity, with insulators having high resistivity and conductors having low resistivity. Resistance depends on the material's resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area, following the formula R=ρ(l/A). Doubling the length of a wire doubles its resistance, while doubling its cross-sectional area halves its resistance.

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    Resistance and Resistivity

    Resistance and Resistivity


    Resistivity, what is it?
    Resistivity is the opposite of conductivity, it’s a measure of how
    effectively a material slows down the flow of electricity.

    Insulators have a high resistivity rating. Materials such as metals


    and other conductors have a low resistivity rating.
    Resistance and Resistivity
     A conductor’s Resistance is defined as the ratio of the Applied Voltage to
    the Current produced.

    R = V/I
    Scalar
    Units: Ohm [Ω] = [V/A]
    Resistance and Resistivity
     Resistance can be calculated for any object.
     Good conductor – low resistance
     Poor conductor –high resistance
     All circuit elements have
    some resistance.
    The resistance of
    connecting wire leads
    is considered negligible.
    Resistance and Resistivity
    Resistance
     The geometry of the resistor matters

    L Length
    R=ρ
    A Area

    Resistivity: (units m)

     Increase the Length, flow of electrons impeded


     Increase the cross-sectional Area, flow enhanced
    Resistance and Resistivity
    For a wire of length l and cross-sectional area A the
    resistance R:
    Is proportional to l
    l
    And inversely proportional to A
    The constant ρ (rho) R
    Is known as the resistivity. A
    Resistance and Resistivity

    Increasing the cross-sectional area


    increases the number of available electrons.
    Resistance and Resistivity
    Resistance and Resistivity
    Resistivity

    Therefore, the units of resistance are:


    l
    R m
    R  m 2   (Ohms )
    A m
    Resistivity has units of Ohm· meters ( · m)
    Resistance and Resistivity
    Resistance and Resistivity
    Resistance and Resistivity
    Resistivity and temperature.
    The resistance and resistivity changes with temperature,
    therefore resistivity at quoted at a specific temperature

    The resistance is proportional to the length l and inversely


    proportional to the cross-sectional area A, the material the
    conductor is made from, and the temperature.
    Resistance and Resistivity
    Superconductivity

     Below a certain critical temperature,


    Resistance becomes ZERO, allowing current to exist
    without energy wasted.
    Superconductivity, although predicted and discovered a
    century ago has only become useful recently due to the
    development of rare-earth conductive ceramics.
    Superconductive wires are used in the electromagnets
    of MRI machines.
    Resistance and Resistivity
    Two wires, A and B, are made of the same metal and have
    equal length, but the resistance of wire A is four times the
    resistance of wire B. How do their diameters compare?

    a. dA = 4 dB
    b. dA = 2 dB
    c. dA = dB
    d. dA = ½ dB
    e. dA = ¼ dB

    l
    R
    A
    Resistance and Resistivity
    A wire of resistance R is stretched uniformly (keeping its volume
    constant) until it is twice its original length. What happens to the
    resistance?
    a. it increases by a factor 4
    b. it increases by a factor 2
    c. it stays the same
    d. it decreases by a factor 2
    e. it decreases by a factor 4
    Resistance and Resistivity

    Find the resistance of a piece of copper with a diameter


    of 1 mm and a length of 1 cm

    l (3 x 10-8 )(1 x 10-2 ) 12


    R = = x 10 -4

    A (  (.5 x 10 )
    -3 2

    Resistance and Resistivity
    Bolbo the gold broker from Baghdad has just received a gold
    bullion bar for his birthday from his brother Bob. The face of the
    bar is 5 cm on both sides, and the length is 20 cm. The resistance
    between faces A and B is measured to be 0.8 micro-ohms. Bolbo
    the broker assumes that the bullion is gold if the measured
    resistance is within +/- 10% of the theoretical value. Is the
    material gold or is it bogus?

    R  L / A B

    m
     (2.4 x108   m)(.2m) / .052 m 2 )

    5c
    20 c
    m A
     1.92 x106 

    =1.92 u don’t try to cash it in!


    Resistance and Resistivity
    A wire 10 m long consists of 5 m of copper followed by 5 m of
    aluminum of equal diameter of 1 mm. A voltage difference of 80 V
    is placed across the composite wire.

    a. What is the total resistance of the wire?


    b. What is the current flow through the wire?
    Resistance and Resistivity

    Summary

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