What is Web Technology?

⚫ Web technology refers to the means which

computers communicate with each other
by
using
markup languages and multimedia software packages.
⚫ It gives us a way to interact with hosted information,
such as websites.
⚫ It involves the use of Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML) and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).
⚫ The three basic languages that make up the
World Wide Web are HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
 What are Web
Technologies?
⚫ Web technologies are the various tools and techniques
that are utilised in the process of communication
between different types of devices over the internet.
⚫ Let’s break it down into two pieces: ‘web’ and
‘technology’.
⚫ The web, in this case, refers to the World Wide Web,
more commonly known as WWW. It first came into
being in 1989 when famous scientist and engineer,
Tim Berners-Lee, came up with an efficient
mechanism to share resources between scientists all
over the world.
 What Are The Different Types Of
Web Technologies?

⚫ The basics, which will cover web browsers and some web
app development fundamentals
⚫ Programming languages and frameworks which are used in
the development of websites
⚫ Databases that are used at the backend to store data
required or collected by websites
⚫ Some protocols, that is, rules for communicating on the
web
⚫ Graphic, audiovisual, and other multimedia elements
⚫ Some data formats that are usually used to transmit
data over the internet
⚫ Other miscellaneous web technologies
 UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION TO WWW
INTERNET STANDARDS
ABOUT INTERNET
• A network is a group of connected, communicating devices such
as computers and printers.
• An internet is two or more networks that can communicate
with each other( composed of hundreds of thousands of
interconnected networks).
• It is the largest network in the world that connects hundreds
of
thousands of individual networks all over the world.
• Private individuals as well as various organizations such as
government agencies, schools, research facilities, corporations,
and libraries in more than 100 countries use the Internet.
 Introduction to WWW
⚫ WWW”, "Web" or "W3"
⚫ The World Wide Web is a way of exchanging information
between computers on the Internet.
⚫ It is the network of pages of images, texts and sounds
on the Internet which can be viewed using browser
software .
⚫ It is a way of accessing the information over the medium
of the internet.
⚫ The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a
⚫ worldwide
A Web site is a collection related Web pages and
collection
of of electronic documents (Web pages)
associated items.
⚫ Simple and easy to use
⚫ A Web server is a computer that delivers requested
Web pages to your computer
⚫ Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means for
users to interact
⚫ 1989 – 1990 Tim Berners Lee invents the World Wide
Web (www) at Cern .
⚫ Published in 1992 - Means for transferring text and
graphics simultaneously
⚫ The World Wide Web allows computer users to locate
and view multimedia-based documents (i.e.,
documents with text, graphics, animations, audios or
videos) on almost any subject.
Structural Components

⚫ Clients/browsers – to dominant implementations

⚫ Servers – run on sophisticated hardware
⚫ Caches – many interesting implementations
⚫ Internet – the global infrastructure which facilitates
data transfer
Semantic Components

⚫ Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

⚫ Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)
⚫ Extensible Markup Language (XML)
⚫ Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs)
Hypertext & Hypermedia

⚫ Hypertext - Text which contains links to other

texts. The term was coined by Ted Nelson around
1965 .
⚫ Hypermedia - Term used for hypertext which is not
constrained to be text: it can include graphics, video
and sound
Web browser – It displays a web document and
enables users to access web documents.
Web Server – A program that waits patiently for the
browser to request a web page. The servers looks for
the requested information, retrieves it and send it to
the browser or sends an error message if the file is not
found.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) - These are the web
addresses. The resource locator is an addressing system .
⚫ Two basic steps required in making a web page.
⚫ Create an HTML File
⚫ Upload file to server

⚫ Web pages are generally sets of text files coded with

special notation called Hypertext Markup Language
(HTML) that is interpreted by a web browser
program reading the file.
Internet & WWW

• The internet came first.

• Internet and WWW are two different concepts.
• Internet- It is a global computer network made up
of thousand of computers & computer network.
• WWW- It is a system that interlinked via Internet.
Difference between Internet and WWW

1) Internet- is a global system of interconnected

computer network. This computers communicate with
each other using a common protocol (TCP/IP i.e.
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet protocol )
World Wide Web (WWW) : It is one of the services
that run on internet. WWW is a system of interlinked
hypertext documents accessed via Internet. Way of
accessing the information .
2) The Internet and the Web are two separate but related
things.
Internet – It is a massive network of networks. It
millions of computers globally
connects atogether
network in which any computer , can
forming
communicate with any other computer as long as they
are both connected to the Internet.
WWW- The World Wide Web, or simply Web, is a way of
accessing information over the medium of the Internet.
So the Web is just a portion of the Internet.
Web
Browsers Eg:
• Internet
Explorer
• Firefox
• Opera
• Safari
• Google
Chrome
⚫ A home page is the first page that a Web site displays
⚫ Web pages provide links to other related Web pages
⚫ Downloading is the process of receiving information

Search engine
⚫ Finds information related to a specific topic
⚫ Classifies Web pages in an organized set of categories-
Images, Videos, Audio, News, Maps, Blogs, People or
Businesses.
⚫ Web publishing - It is the development and
maintenance of Web pages
⚫ WWW is a way of exchanging information. WWW is
constructed using HTML. WWW is one of the services
that run on internet.
 FTP (File Transfer
Protocol)
FTP
⚫ FTP stands for File transfer protocol.
⚫ FTP is a standard internet protocol provided by
TCP/IP used for transmitting the files from one host
to another.
⚫ It is mainly used for transferring the web page files
from their creator to the computer that acts as a
server for other computers on the internet.
⚫ It is also used for downloading the files to
computer from other servers.
Objectives of FTP
⚫ It provides the sharing of files.
⚫ It is used to encourage the use of remote computers.
⚫ It transfers the data more reliably and efficiently.
Why FTP?
• Transferring files from one system to another is simple
but sometimes it can cause problems.
⚫ For example, two systems may have different file
conventions, different ways to represent text and data,
different directory structures.
⚫ FTP protocol overcomes these problems by
establishing two connections between hosts.
⚫ One connection is used for data transfer, and another
connection is used for the control connection.
⚫ The above figure shows the basic model of the FTP.
⚫ The FTP client has three components: the
user interface, control process, and data transfer
process.
⚫ The server has two components: the server
control process and the server data transfer process.
There are two types of connections in FTP:
Control Connection:
• It uses very simple rules for communication.
• Through this connection, we can transfer a line
of command or line of response at a time.
• The control connection is made between the
control processes.
• It remains connected during the entire interactive FTP
session.
Data Connection:
• It uses very complex rules as data types may vary.
• The data connection is made between data
transfer processes.
• It opens when a command comes for transferring
the files and closes when the file is transferred.
 FTP
Clients

⚫ FTP client is a program that implements a file transfer

protocol which allows you to transfer files between two
hosts on the internet.
⚫ It allows a user to connect to a remote host and upload or
download the files.
⚫ It has a set of commands that we can use to connect to a
host, transfer the files between you and your host and close
the connection.
⚫ The FTP program is also available as a built-in component
in a Web browser.
⚫ This GUI based FTP client makes the file transfer very easy
and also does not require to remember the FTP commands.
 Advantages of
FTP
⚫ Speed: The FTP is one of the fastest way to transfer
the files from one computer to another computer.
⚫ Efficient: It is more efficient as we do not need to
complete all the operations to get the entire file.
⚫ Security: To access the FTP server, we need to login
with the username and password.
⚫ Back & forth movement: FTP allows us to transfer
the files back and forth. Suppose you are a manager of
the company, you send some information to all the
employees, and they all send information back on the
same server.
 Disadvantages of
FTP
⚫ The standard requirement of the industry is that all the FTP
transmissions should be encrypted. However, not all the FTP
providers are equal and not all the providers offer encryption.
So, we will have to look out for the FTP providers that
provides encryption.
⚫ FTP serves two operations, i.e., to send and receive large files
on a network. However, the size limit of the file is 2GB that
can be sent. It also doesn't allow you to run simultaneous
transfers to multiple receivers.
⚫ Passwords and file contents are sent in clear text that allows
unwanted eavesdropping. So, it is quite possible that attackers
can carry out the brute force attack by trying to guess the FTP
password.
⚫ It is not compatible with every system.
 HTTP(HyperText Transfer
⚫ It isProtocol)
a protocol used to access the data on the World Wide Web
(www).
⚫ It can be used to transfer the data in the form of plain text,
hypertext, audio, video, and so on.
⚫ This protocol is known as HyperText Transfer Protocol
because of its efficiency that allows us to use in a hypertext
environment where there are rapid jumps from one document
to another document.
⚫ HTTP is similar to the FTP as it also transfers the files from
one host to another host. But, HTTP is simpler than FTP as
HTTP uses only one connection, i.e., no control connection to
transfer the files.
⚫ HTTP is used to carry the data in the form of MIME-
like
 Features of
HTTP
⚫ Connectionless protocol: It is a connectionless approach
in which HTTP client i.e., a browser initiates the HTTP
request and after the request is sent the client disconnects
from server and waits for the response.
⚫ Media Independent: It specifies that any type of media
content can be sent by HTTP as long as both the server
and the client can handle the data content.
⚫ Stateless: It is a stateless protocol as both the client and
server know each other only during the current request.
Due to this nature, both the client and server do not retain
the information between various requests of the web pages.
Basic Architecture of
HTTP
⚫ The diagram represents the basic architecture of web
application and depicts where HTTP stands.
⚫ HTTP is request/response protocol which is based on
client/server based architecture. In this protocol, web
browser, search engines, etc. behave as HTTP clients
and the Web server like Servlet behaves as a server
Client
⚫ The HTTP client sends a request to the server in the form
of a request method, URI, and protocol version, followed
by a MIME-like message containing request modifiers,
client information, and possible body content over a
TCP/IP connection.
Server
⚫ The HTTP server responds with a status line, including the
message's protocol version and a success or error code,
followed by a MIME-like message containing server
information, entity meta information, and possible entity-
body content.
 Message
s
⚫ HTTP messages are of two types: request and
response. Both the message types follow the same
message format.

⚫ Request Message: The request message is sent by

the client that consists of a request line, headers, and
sometimes a body.
⚫ Response Message: The response message is sent by
the server to the client that consists of a status line,
headers, and sometimes a body.
 Uniform Resource Locator
(URL)
⚫ A client that wants to access the document in an
internet needs an address and to facilitate the access
of documents, the HTTP uses the concept of Uniform
Resource Locator (URL).
⚫ The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a standard
way of specifying any kind of information on the
internet.
⚫ The URL defines four parts: method, host computer,
port, and path.
⚫ Method: The method is the protocol used to retrieve the document
from a server. For example, HTTP.
⚫ Host: The host is the computer where the information is stored, and
the computer is given an alias name. Web pages are mainly stored in
the computers and the computers are given an alias name that begins
with the characters "www". This field is not mandatory.
⚫ Port: The URL can also contain the port number of the server, but it's
an optional field. If the port number is included, then it must come
between the host and path and it should be separated from the host by
a colon.
⚫ Path: Path is the pathname of the file where the information is stored.
The path itself contain slashes that separate the directories from the
subdirectories and files.
 HTTP
Message
⚫ HTTP Message is used to show how data is exchanged
between the client and the server.
⚫ An HTTP client is a program that establishes a
connection to a server to send one or more HTTP
request messages.
⚫ An HTTP server is a program that accepts
connections to serve HTTP requests by sending an
HTTP response messages.
Message Type
⚫ HTTP message consists of an initial request line and
an initial response line.
Format:
HTTP-message = Request | Response ; HTTP/1.1 messages
1) Initial Request Line
⚫ The initial line is different for the request and for the
response. A request-line consists of three parts: a method
name, requested resource's local path, and the HTTP
version being used. All these parts are separated by spaces.
Syntax:
⚫ GET /path/to/file/index.html HTTP/1.0
Here,
⚫ GET is the most common HTTP method.
⚫ The path shows the part of the URL after the
host name. It is also called a request URI.
⚫ The version of HTTP always takes the form
“HTTP/x.x”, uppercase.
2) Initial Response Line
⚫ The initial Response line is also known as the status line.
⚫ It also has three parts: the HTTP version, a response
status code that gives the result of the request, and the
English reason phrase describing the status code.
Example:
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
or
HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found
Here,
⚫ The HTTP version of the response line and request line are
the same as "HTTP/x.x".
Message Headers
⚫ The Message header provides information about the request and
response. It also provides information about the object which is sent in
the message body. Message Headers are of four types:
General Header: It has general applicability for both request messages
and response messages.
Request Header: It has applicability only for the request messages.
Response Header: It has applicability only for the response messages.
Entity Header: It defines meta-information about the entity-body, and
about the resource identified by request.
⚫ All the above headers follow the same generic format. Each of the
header fields consists of a name followed by a colon and the field
values as follows:
message-header = field-name ":" [ field-value ]
Message Body
⚫ The message body of an HTTP message is used to carry the
entire body associated with the request and response. The
message-body differs from the entire-body only when a
transfer-coding has been applied, as indicated by the
Transfer-Encoding header field.
Syntax
message-body = entity-body
| <entity-body encoded as per Transfer-Encoding>
⚫ Transfer-Encoding MUST be used to indicate any transfer-
codings which is applied by an application to ensure safe
and proper transfer of the message. Transfer-Encoding is a
property of the message.
Message Length
⚫ The transfer-length of a message is the length of
the message-body, and it appears in the message.
⚫ In a message, when a message body is allowed, and
Content-Length is given, its field value MUST exactly
match the number of OCTETs in the message-body.
When an invalid length is received and detected, the
HTTP/1.1 user agents MUST notify the user.
General Header Fields
⚫ Some header fields have the applicability for both
the request and response messages. These header
fields apply only when the message is transmitted.
Syntax
general-header = Cache-Control
 HTTP
Request

⚫ HTTP Requests are messages which are sent by the client or

user
to initiate an action on the server.
⚫ The first line of the message includes the request message
from the client to the server, the method which is applied to
the resource, identifier of the resource, and the protocol
version. = Request-Line
Request
Syntax *(( general-header
| request-header
| entity-header ) CRLF)
CRLF
[ message-
body ]
Request Line
⚫ The Request-Line starts with a method token, which is followed
by the Request-URI, the protocol version, and ending with
CRLF. Using the SP characters, the elements are separated.
Syntax
Request- = Method SP Request-URI SP
Line HTTP-
Version CRLF
1) Method
The method token is used to indicate the method which
was performed on the resource identified by the Request-URI.
The method is case sensitive.
Syntax
Method = "OPTIONS"
| "GET"
| "HEAD"
| "POST"
| "PUT"
| "DELETE"
| "TRACE"
| "CONNECT"
| extension-method
extension-method = token
⚫ A resource is allowed a list of methods and that methods can
be
specified in an Allow header field.
⚫ The response's return code always notifies the client whether
a method is currently allowed on a resource.
⚫Since the set of allowed methods can be changed dynamically.
Method and Description:
i) GET
This method retrieves information from the given server
using a given URI. GET request can retrieve the data. It cannot
apply other effects on the data.
ii) HEAD
The HEAD method is the same as the GET method. It is used
to transfer the status line and header section only.
iii) POST
The POST request sends the data to the server. For example,
file upload, customer information, etc. using the HTML forms.
iv)PUT
The PUT method is used to replace current
all the
representations of the target resource with the uploaded content.
v) DELETE current
The DELETE method is used to
remove all the representations of the target
resource, which is given by URI.
vi) CONNECT
The CONNECT method is used to establish a
tunnel to the server, which is identified by a given URI.
2) Request-URI
The Request-URI is a Uniform Resource
Identifier.
It is used to identify the resource upon which
to apply the request.
Syntax
Request-URI = "*" | absoluteURI | abs_path |
authority
⚫ On the nature of the request, these four options
for Request-URI depend.
a)The asterisk "*" is used to show that the request does
not apply to a particular resource, but it will apply to
the server itself. It is allowed only when the method
used does not necessarily apply to a resource.
Example
OPTIONS * HTTP/1.1
b)The absoluteURI form is used only when the request
is being made to a proxy. The requested proxy is used to
forward the request and return the response.
Example
GEThttp://www.javatpoint.com/WWW/TheProj
ect.html HTTP/1.1
c)The absolute path can't be empty. If in the
original URI, none is present, it must be given as "/".
d)The authority form is only used
by the CONNECT method.
The Resource Identified by a Request
⚫ Using the examination of Request-URI and the Host header
field, we can determine the exact resource identified by the
Internet request.
⚫ An origin server must use the following rules for determining
the requested resource on an HTTP/1.1 request if the origin
server does differentiate based on the host requested.
⚫ The host will be part of the Request-URI if Request-URI is an
absoluteURI.
⚫ The host will be determined by the Host header field value if the
Request-URI is not an absoluteURI, and the request includes a
header field of the host.
⚫ The response MUST be a 400 (Bad Request) error message if the
host as determined by rule 1 or 2 is not a valid host on the server.
Request Header Fields
⚫ The request-header fields are used to allow the client to
pass additional information to the server like the request
and the client itself.
⚫ The request header fields act as request modifiers, with
semantics equivalent to the parameters on a programming
language method invocation.
Syntax
request-header = Accept
| Accept-Charset
| Accept-Encoding
| Accept-Language
| Authorization
| Expect
| From
| Host
 | If-Match
| If-Modified-Since
| If-None-Match
| If-Range
| If-Unmodified-Since
| Max-Forwards
| Proxy-Authorization
| Range
| Referer
| TE
| User-Agent
The name of the request-header field can be extended reliably
only in combination with a change in the version of the protocol.
 HTTP
Response
⚫ HTTP Response sent by a server to the client.
⚫ The response is used to provide the client with
the resource it requested.
⚫ It is also used to inform the client that the
action requested has been carried out.
⚫ It can also inform the client that an error occurred
in processing its request.
⚫ An HTTP response contains the following things:
⚫ Status Line
⚫ Response Header Fields or a series of HTTP headers
⚫ Message Body
⚫ Intherequest message, each HTTP header is followed
by a
carriage returns line feed (CRLF).
⚫ After the last of the HTTP headers, an additional CRLF is
used and then begins the message body.
Status Line
⚫ Intheresponse message, the status line is the first line.
The status line contains three items:
a) HTTP Version Number
⚫ It is used to show the HTTP specification to which the
server
has tried to make the message comply.
b) Status Code
⚫ It is a three-digit number that indicates the result of the
request.
⚫ The first digit defines the class of the response.
⚫ The last two digits do not have any categorization role.
There are five values for the first digit, which are as
follows:
Code and Description
1xx: Information
It shows that the request was received and
continuing the process.
2xx: Success
It shows that the action was received
successfully, understood, and accepted.
3xx: Redirection
It shows that further action must be taken to complete
the request.
4xx: Client Error
It shows that the request contains incorrect
syntax, or
it cannot be fulfilled.
5xx: Server Error
It shows that the server failed to fulfil a valid
request.
c) Reason Phrase
It is also known as the status text. It is a human-
readable text that summarizes the meaning of the
status code.
An example of the response line is as
follows: HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Here,
⚫ HTTP/1.1 is the HTTP version.
⚫ 200 is the status code.
⚫ OK is the reason phrase.
Response Header Fields
⚫ The HTTP Headers for the response of the server contain the
information that a client can use to find out more about the
response, and about the server that sent it.
⚫ This information is used to assist the client with displaying the
response to a user, with storing the response for the use of
future, and with making further requests to the server now or in
the future.
response-header = Accept-Ranges
| Age
| ETag
| Location
| Proxy-Authenticate
| Retry-After
| Server
| Vary
| WWW-Authenticate
⚫ The name of the Response-header field can be
extended reliably only in combination with a change
in the version of the protocol.
Message Body
⚫ The response's message body may be referred to for
convenience as a response body.
⚫ The body of the message is used for most responses.
The exceptions are where a server is using certain
status codes and where the server is responding to a
client request, which asks for the headers but not the
response body.
⚫ For a response to a successful request, the body of the
message contains either some information about the status
of the action which is requested by the client or the
resource which is requested by the client.
⚫ For the response to an unsuccessful request, the body of
the message might provide further information about some
action the client needs to take to complete the request
successfully or about the reason for the error.
 GENERATION OF DYNAMIC WEB
PAGES
Web Page
⚫ Web page is a document available on world wide web.
Web Pages are stored on web server and can be viewed
using a web browser.
⚫ A web page can cotain huge information including text,
graphics, audio, video and hyper links. These hyper links
are the link to other web pages.
⚫ Collection of linked web pages on a web server is known
as website. There is unique Uniform Resource Locator
(URL) is associated with each web page
Static Web page
⚫ Static web pages are also known as fl at or
stationary web page.
⚫ They are loaded on the client’s browser as exactly
they are stored on the web server. Such web pages
contain only static information.
⚫ User can only read the information but can’t do
any modification or interact with the information.
⚫ Static web pages are created using only HTML.
Dynamic Web page
⚫ Dynamic web page shows different information at
different point of time.
⚫ It is possible to change a portion of a web page without
loading
the entire web page.
⚫ It has been made possible using Ajax technology.
1) Server-side dynamic web page
⚫ It is created by using server-side scripting.
⚫ There are server-side scripting parameters that determine how
to assemble a new web page which also include setting up of
more client-side processing.
2) Client-side dynamic web page
⚫ It is processed using client side scripting such
as JavaScript.
⚫ And then passed in to Document Object
Model (DOM).
Schematic view of a dynamic
webpage
Scripting Languages
⚫ Scripting languages are like programming languages that allow
us to write programs in form of script.
⚫ These scripts are interpreted not compiled and executed
line by line.
⚫ Scripting language is used to create dynamic web pages.
1) Client-side Scripting
⚫ Client-side scripting refers to the programs that are executed on
client-side. Client-side scripts contains the instruction for the
browser to be executed in response to certain user’s action.
⚫ Client-side scripting programs can be embedded into HTML
files or also can be kept as separate files.
Client-Side scripting languages
JavaScript
It is a prototype based scripting language. It inherits its
naming conventions from java. All java script files are stored in
file having .js extension.
ActionScript
It is an object oriented programming language
development
used forofthewebsites and software targeting Adobe
player. flash
Dart
It is an open source web programming language
developed by Google. It relies on source-to-source compiler to
JavaScript.
VBScript
It is an open source web programming language
developed by Microsoft. It is superset of JavaScript
and adds optional static typing class-based object
oriented programming.
2) Server-side Scripting
Sever-side scripting acts as an interface for the
client and also limit the user access the resources on web
server. It can also collects the user’s characteristics in
order to customize response.
Server-Side scripting languages
ASP
Active Server Pages (ASP)is server-side script
engine to create dynamic web pages. It
supports Component Object Model
(COM) which
enables ASP web sites to access functionality of
libraries such as DLL.
ActiveVFP
It is similar to PHP and also used for
creating dynamic web pages. It uses native Visual
Foxpro language and database.
ASP.net
It is used to develop dynamic websites,
web applications, and web services.

Java
Java Server Pages are used for creating dynamic
web applications. The Java code is compiled into byte
code and run by Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
Python
It supports multiple programming paradigms
such as object-oriented, and functional programming. It
can also be used as non-scripting language using third
party tools such as Py2exe or Pyinstaller.

WebDNA
It is also a server-side scripting language with
an embedded database system.
Sr. No. Key Static Web Page Dynamic Web Page

Definition Static web pages are generally simple On other hand Dynamic webpages are the
HTML written pages which serve as pages written in some more complex
response from browser to server in which language such as ASP.NET in which data
1 all the information and data is static in is rendered after some interpretation and
nature and it does not get changed until capacity to produce distinctive content for
someone changed it manually. different calls.
Complexity As mentioned in above point as data in Dynamic web pages on other hand does
static web pages is static and do not require the interpretation process which make data
2 any interpretation before rendering so static dynamic in nature and due to which
web pages are simple in complexity. dynamic web pages become complex in
complexity as compare to static web pages.
Languag Static web pages are generally written On other Dynamic web pages are written
3 e used in simpler languages such as HTML, in more complex languages such as CGI,
JavaScript, CSS, etc. AJAX, ASP, ASP.NET, etc.
Rendered For static web pages data do not On other hand for Dynamic web page data
Data changes until someone changes it is first interoperate at server side and due
4 manually and hence data is static in to which it does not remain same on every
nature. call and this makes data dynamic in
nature..
Time Static web pages due to static data take While Dynamic web pages due to
5 less time to get load. dynamic data take comparatively more
time as compare to static web pages.
Database In Static web pages generally no involvement On other hand in case of Dynamic web page
6 of database for data redecoration. database is used for data redecoration.