CHAPTER 3

WRITING ACADEMIC TEXT

Ponder your thoughts!

Give your perspective about

WRITING.
 ICE BREAKER: MENTION-
RELATE-EXHAUST ACTIVITY
Social Issues/Problems
Political Dynasty
K-12 Curriculum
Social Media
Inherited Disorders or Diseases
KPOP World
Peer Pressure
Multiple Intelligences
 CHAPTER 3
WRITING ACADEMIC TEXT

LESSON 1
THE PRE-WRITING PROCESS
To fully understand the process of writing,
you need to follow each of the steps.
Jot down the different terms or ideas
that are mentioned. Write 3 paragraphs
using those ideas
Reread what you have written and
decide which of the ideas are similar and
connected to each other. Group similar
ideas in one category.
Examine the ideas that you jotted
down and identify which ideas are broad
and/or specific. Separate them.
Understand why you are writing
the paper. Meaning to say point
your goal why you are writing the
paper. Is it because you want to
inform, to describe, to persuade,
or to entertain.
Think of the people who will possibly
read your paper. Try to envision who they
are, what they know about your topic, what
they need to know about your topic, how
they feel about your topic, and what would
be their reason why they would read your
paper.
 The first two steps that
you suppose to follow is
actually CHOOSING A
TOPIC. The steps in
choosing a topic is
include; BRAINSTORMING,
FREE WRITING and
CLUSTERING
BRAINSTORMING When you responded
with ideas and concepts you can think
of related to the broad concepts that
the teacher gave you. In here, you are
generating possible topics for your
paper.
Example of possible topics for brainstorming:
Social Issues/Problems
Political Dynasty
K-12 Curriculum
Social Media
Inherited Disorders or Diseases
KPOP World
Peer Pressure
Multiple Intelligences
FREEWRITING similar to
brainstorming in that you just
write the ideas that comes to
your mind. It’s like putting down
into writing the ideas that you
think
CLUSTERING – the use of concept
map, graphic organizer and all
other illustration you can possibly
use to show the connection and
relationship of your ideas.
 NATURALIST–
nature smart SPATIAL – space
smart
INTRAPERSONAL
Self smart

MUSICAL
MULTIPLE Music
INTERPERSONAL
People smart INTELLIGENCES smart

LINGUISTIC
word smart
BODILY
KINESTHETIC
LOGICAL
dance and
MATHEMATICAL
sports smart
number smart
Before moving on to the next step in
writing process, you have to be
equipped with sufficient information
that will enable you to develop your
paper. You can look for sources that
you will use to expound your topic.
 You can go to the library to
research.
 You can surf the net to find online
articles that are related and
relevant to your topic.
 You can read books to find
information you need.
Gather as many resources as
you can so you will have a
lot to write in your paper.
Make sure that you copy the
title of the book or the
articles, the name (s) of the
author (s), the date and
place of publication of the
book, and the web address
of online articles you got.
 CHAPTER 3

LESSON 2
AVOIDING PLAGIARISM
What is Plagiarism?
the practice of taking someone else's work or
ideas and passing them off as one's own.
Why do some plagiarize?
There are many reasons students choose to
plagiarize or cheat. Reasons range from the
more genuine lack of knowledge to outright
dishonorable intentions. Collectively, the
most frequently stated reasons students
choose to plagiarize or cheat include:
Desire to get a good grade
Fear of failing
Procrastination or poor time management
Disinterest in the assignment
Belief they will not get caught
Personal will
In September 2012, Sotto was accused of lifting portions of
a Kennedy speech entitled Ripple of Hope in 1966 when he
delivered the final part of his opposition to the RH bill in
Filipino. The late senator's daughter, Kerry, demanded a
public apology from Sotto.

Sotto once again defended himself by insisting that

translating is not copying.

“It was an inspirational message coming from a pastor that

was used by Americans and if we use it and translate it to
Tagalog, there’s nothing wrong with that. That’s not
plagiarism,” he said.

The Senate president went on: “Because if you think that’s

plagiarism, then you must think that ‘Bayang Magiliw’ is
plagiarized because it was originally in Spanish. And
somebody changed it into English and somebody translated
it into Tagalog unofficially. So, is that plagiarism?

https://www.philstar.com/headlines
“Few will have the greatness to bend history
itself, but each of us can work to change a
small portion of events, and in the total of all
those acts will be written the history of this
generation.” – US Senator Robert Kennedy,
1966.
“Iilan ang magiging dakila sa pagbali ng
kasaysayan, subalit bawat isa sa atin ay
maaaring kumilos, gaano man kaliit, para
ibahin ang takbo ng mga pangyayari. Kapag
pinagsama-sama ang ating munting pagkilos,
makalilikha tayo ng totalidad na magmamarka
sa kabuuan ng kasaysayan ng henerasyong
ito.” – Senator Tito Sotto, September 5, 2012
http://politikalon.blogspot.com/
 Situational Example
Suppose you are in the library and
found an article. There was a
paragraph you truly believe you can
use for your paper. How would you
incorporate it in your paper? Would
you copy the entire paragraph?
Would you lift some ideas from it?
Or would you replace some words
with their synonyms?
Extra Judicial Killing is the killing of a person by
governmental authorities without the sanction of any
judicial proceeding or any legal process.
Extrajudicial Punishments are unlawful by nature,
because they break the process of legal jurisdiction
in which they occur. Most of the times Extra Judicial
Killing targets the leading politicians, religious
figures, trade unions leaders and sometimes socially
popular figures. Extra Judicial killings are carried out
by the state government or other state authorities
like the armed forces and police.
Extrajudicial can be written like this ex·tra·ju·di·cial ,
that means-
Outside the authority of the court
Outside of the usual judicial proceeding.
https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/constitutional-law/extra-judicial-punishments-
and-killings-constitutional-law-essay.php
 Ponder your thoughts.

What would you do with

the paragraph so that you
can use it in your paper
without committing
plagiarism?
 GENERALIZATION
You can be accused of plagiarizing
other people’s work when,,,
 Copying somebody else’s work
and claiming the works to be
yours.
 Using somebody else’s works or
ideas without proper
acknowledgement or citation.
 Copying the text without
paraphrasing it.
How to avoid Plagiarism?
 Paraphrase
Rendering the essential ideas from
the text or paragraph using your own
words. When a material is
paraphrased, it usually became
shorter than the original text. It is not
advisable to have in front of you the
original text while paraphrasing
because there is a tendency that you
may still copy the structure. The right
way is you understand the content of
the text first and paraphrase.
Another way to avoid plagiarism is
to directly quote the sentence or
the paragraph that you will use in
your paper. Quotations must be
identical to the original text…
meaning wherever the quotations in
the real text are placed, should also
be in your paraphrase. Sometimes, a
direct quotation is preferred to use
than in paraphrase when the ideas
of the author are so important
CHAPTER 3

LESSON 3
WRITING AND
REWRITING
Certainly, you are now ready
to write. You already have
learned how to gather
information, to cite sources
and avoid plagiarism. You
have also learned how to
paraphrase. Now, you can
start with the next step in
the process which is the
WRITING OF THE ESSAY.
 The Thesis Statement
Point 1. Develop you Thesis
Statement
A thesis statement is the
CLAIM or the stand that you
will develop in your paper. It is
considered as the controlling
idea of your essay. It gives
your readers idea of what your
paper is all about.
What makes a good and strong
THESIS STATEMENT?
A good and strong thesis statement
usually contains an element of
UNCERTAINTY, RISK or
CHALLENGE. This means that your
thesis statement should offer a
debatable claim that you can prove
or disapprove in your essay. The
claim should be debatable enough
to let your readers agree or
disagree with you.
Your thesis statement should not
merely announce something or
state a fact for there will be
nothing to agree or disagree with.
“ Women and men are born to
perform specific roles.”
This is not a good and strong
thesis statement……Why???
There is nothing to contest in that statement;
It is just stating that both men and women
have specific roles to perform; thus, it shows
nothing to be talked or defended much.
 Organization of your Paper
Point 2. Organizing your Paper
Your next task as a writer is to
support your thesis statement
with sufficient evidences, data,
and examples.
As a writer, your main goal is to
organize your ideas in a logical order.
ORGANIZING YOUR IDEAS means
finding the connections of one point to
another and establishing a link from
idea to another.
In organizing ideas for your paper,
you have to weave back and forth
from idea to another idea, between
generalization and specific
How to organize your paper?
I. INTRODUCTION
You start with writing the
introduction. The introduction part of
essay for academic writing provides
a background of your topic. This
gives the writer’s thesis statement.
Poses a question regarding the
topic, explains how the question is
problematic and significant. A good
introduction for an academic
writing is one paragraph or two.
II. THE BODY
Develop an answer or propose a
solution to the thesis statement that
you have given in the introduction. In
the body, you have to support your
main point with details that would
support your thesis statement.
III. CONCLUSION
It should bring together the
points made in your paper and
emphasizes your final point.
A good conclusion being the ending
part should give a thought-provoking
idea for your readers to ponder. Do not
summarize your main points, make sure
that you synthesize your main points
and emphasize your thesis statement.
Remember not to open a new topic in
the conclusion.