1

Gross
Gross Pollutant
Pollutant are
are large
large pieces
pieces of
of debris
debris
flushed
flushed through
through urban
urban Catchment
Catchment and
and
stormwater
stormwater system.
system.

Defined
Defined as
as
Trash,
Trash, litter
litter and
and vegetation
vegetation larger
larger than
than 55 mm.
mm.

2
Gross Pollutant in stormwater drainage
systems are :-

Litter
Debris
Sediment.

3

Paper 
Glass  Metal

Plastic 
Cloth

4
Debris are organic materials transported by
stormwater :-

Leaves
Twigs
Grass Clipping

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6
1. Suspended solids (SS)
2. Total phosphorus (TP)
3. Total nitrogen (TN)
4. Litter
5. Coarse sediment
6. Oil and grease

7
 - Shopping bags, bottles, wrapping,
containers, etc.

- wrappers, newspaper, ATM

receipts, bus ticket, etc.

- foil, cans, etc.

- shutters, timber prop,

broken bricks, etc.

- Old clothing, cigarette

butts, old tires, etc.
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- visible solid waste come from the urban environment with an
average dimension of greater than about 5 mm.

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
Anti social behavior.

Excessive packaging.

Inadequate disposal facilities.

Failure of authorities to enforce effective
penalties.

Type of development – commercial, industrial,
residential.

Density of development.

Income level of community

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
Type of Industry – food, manufacturing.

Rainfall pattern – long dry spells result in heavy
concentrations of accumulated rubbish.

Type of vegetation in the catchment.

Efficiency & effectiveness of garbage removal by
local authorities.

Level of environmental concern.

Extent of legislation prohibiting waste and level
of fines.
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Pollutants in urban stormwater runoff is a
major contributor to the degradation of
receiving waters.

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
Urban Stormwater pollutants include gross
pollutant, trace metals and nutrients that are
associated with sediments and dissolved
pollutants.

Stormwater pollutants are generated from urban
land-use activities and discharged to main drain,
lake, river, ocean etc.

Failure in installing a proper-designed pollution
control devices can result flooding, blockage and
serious water pollution.
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
Litter are aesthetically unattractive

Disturb the physical habitats

Degrade the water

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
Attract pests and vermin

Cause marine animal deaths

Promote littering

Reduce amenity value

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16
 20000

18000

16000 Commercial Catchment-

Swept Daily (13ha)
Wet Loads (g/ha)

14000

12000
Residential Catchment-
Swept Fortnightly
10000
(24.5ha)

8000

6000 Mixed catchment-Swept

Daily / Fortnightly
(12.5ha)
4000

2000

0 Clean Date
29-Ogos-96 30-Sept-96 15-Okt-96 15-Nov-96
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 Composition of Collected Gross Pollutants by Dry Mass
from Different Catchments in Coburg
(After Allison and Chiew, 1995)

19%
1%
11% 1%
Garden debris
Paper 9% Garden debris
3% Paper
Plastics
0% Plastics
Metals 4%
Metals
Other 85%
Other

67%

b) Residential site

36% 11%
0%

8% Garden debris
Garden debris Paper
2% Plastics
Paper 1%
Plastics Metals
29%
Metals Other
78%

35%

c) Light Industrial site d) Combined site

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Methods for reducing gross pollutant in urban
waterway can be grouped into two categories ;
 Structural Method are traps places in side
entry pits in gutters, or installed inside
stormwater channels to separate and contain
gross pollutant, and
 Non-Structural Method involve changing the
attitude and actions of the community
(including business, industry and residents)
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
Device that intercepts gross pollutants (litter and
debris greater than 5mm) and coarse sediments
from stormwater.

Design to trap litter, debris and coarse sediments
in drains.

Collect larger items from the water such as take
away container, leaves, bottles and plastic bags.

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
Installed at every outlet of drain before
entering into engineering waterways
and consequently the wet pond or river.

Used in treatment train to protect the
water body.

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 … SOLUTION for
Stormwater Clean-Up
and
Alleviation of Urban Flooding

whereby
The effective Gross Pollutant Trap
screens most trash & debris from
stormwater
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•Clean-Up of Stormwater Pollutants
…Targeting 90% to 100% removal of gross
pollutants from stormwater runoff contributes
to solving environmental problem

•Alleviation of Urban Flooding Problem

… Trapping the majority of trash & debris
that enter the stormwater system during the
‘first flush’ of rainfall

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
To protect immediate downstream receiving
waters.

Water based recreation for surrounding
community.

Agricultural water supply.

Potable water supply.

Natural aquatic ecosystem and associated
wildlife

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 1st Generation – Gravity Traps
a. Sediment Basins etc
b. Floating Booms etc
c. Baffle Pits etc  Effective for
floating oil
and
sediments.
 Unlikely to
stop
neutrally
buoyant
materials.

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 2nd Generation – Direct Screening

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A. On-line – e.g. “Conventional” GPT

 Moderately effective until screen blocks

 Functions by blocking – diminishing
effectiveness
 Problems with pressure or water levels
 Re-suspension a problem

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28

Operates by catching materials larger than
screen opening.

Screen is used as a filter and a capture area

Function by directly intercepting materials,
hence screen progressively blocks.

Efficiency drops rapidly as screen blocks.

Once blocked - flow and pollutants bypass
screen .

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B. Off-line – e.g. Most proprietary products
DIVERSION SYSTEM
Can be basket,
DIVERSION box, weir etc
SYSTEM
HIGH FLOWS
Can be basket, box, weir etc

HIGH FLOWS

 Utilises various gravity effects to bypass high flows

 Still functions by blocking – diminishing
effectiveness
 Re-suspension still a problem
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1. Drainage entrance
treatments :
- grate entrance
systems, side entry
pits traps and gully
trap.
Using coarse mesh plastic trays to
prevent pipe blockage (source: R. Allison)

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2. Direct screening
devices :
- traps gross solids
by passing flow
through grid, mesh,
rack or net barrier
assembly with flows
perpendicular to the
screening surface

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 Direct screening devices
can be prone to blockage
and overtopping.

Cleaning debris from blocked

screen can be a task.

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3. Downwardly inclined screen :
-Comprises a downwardly inclined trash
rack, with a pollutant holding shelf at its
base

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4. Floating traps :
-flexible floating booms, floating debris traps

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5. Sediment traps :
- sediment settling basins and ponds, circular
settling tanks, hydrodynamic separators

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37
1. Continuous Deflective
Separation (CDS)
2. Ecosol
3. Rocla Cleansall

38
 Weir
Weir Vortex
Vortex Separation
Separation
Outlet
Outlet Chamber
Chamber

Self
Self
Cleaning
Cleaning
Screen
Screen
Inlet
Inlet

Diversion
Diversion
Chamber
Chamber

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 Polluted
Runoff Unpolluted
Waterways

Stormwater
(with trash
& debris)
Stormwater
Separation (water only)
Chamber
(water flows through
trash & debris drop down)
Solids
Collection
Sump
(trash & debris)

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41
42
 Inlet Access lid

Outlet

Overflow/bypass
channel

Self-cleaning
screens Oil and grease
baffle

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 Filtration basket

Inlet/bypass channel
Collection/treatment
chamber

Riser outlet

Collection inlet
Overflow weir

Riser channel

Collection outlet
Sediment sump and
basket

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 Collection/treatment
chamber

"Grain" of mesh
facing down
Overflow weir

Sediment sump

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 ®
CleansAll Gross Pollutant Tr ap - Product Data
3
Unit Type Unit Name Treatment Inlet/Outlet Minimum Depth X Y Z Storage (m )
1 2 3
Flow pipe range to Invert Length Width (min) Sediment Oil
(L/s) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Basket(s) Sump Storage
CleansAll 375 CL375 90 300 - 600 990 2000 1690 2570 0.20 0.07 0.26
CleansAll 600 CL600 320 450 - 750 1070 2730 2365 3170 1.10 0.22 1.09
CleansAll 750 CL750 750 750 - 1200 1510 4000 3310 3610 1.80 0.66 3.16
CleansAll 900 CL900 928 750 - 1200 1510 4000 3310 4370 3.30 0.66 3.16
CleansAll 1200 CL1200 2200 1200-1650 2210 6010 5175 5090 5.70 0.97 10.95
CleansAll 1350 CL1350 2732 1200-1650 2210 6010 5175 5690 9.20 0.97 10.95
VARIABLE

X
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PERFORMANCE
SPECIFICATION

THE RCF 4000 external components

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PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS
48
CDS UNIT SELECTION

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50

The patented system relies on water hydraulic,
gravity and a screen configuration to remove debris
from runoff.

As stormwater enters the system’s diversion
chamber, a weir directs the flow in a separation
chamber, where a vortex forms.

Floatable and suspended solids are pushed onto a
cylinder screen, which deflects them to the center
of the separation chamber.

The solids then settle into a sump, where they
remain until removal by city staff.

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52
53
 Full bypass capacity (No flooding upstream of CDS)
 Guaranteed Non-blocking (No premature bypass of
pollutants)
 Off-line pollutant storage (No loss of captured
pollutants)
 “Self-cleaning” screen (Continuous operation and lower
maintenance costs)
 Traps sediments as well as gross pollutants
 Captures heavy metals attached to sediments
 Utilizes existing grades – no additional energy required
 May be retrofitted into existing pipes or channel
systems
 Installed below ground - unobtrusive

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 Description CDS Target
Capture
• Gross Pollutants (> 5mm) 98%
• Course Sediment (> 0.2mm) 90%
• Suspended Solids (TSS) 70%
• Total Phosphorus (TP) 30%
• Free Oil 60%

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Pollutants Efficiency Description
VH
Anthropogenic material such as cans, bottles, plastic
Litter/Gross Pollutants
bags and packing materials. Generally 5mm in diameter
or greater
VH
Vegetation
Organic material such as leaves and grass clippings
VH
Solid material of varying size generally > 0.5mm, both
Coarse Sediment
mineral and organic
M
Fine sand generally <0.1mm medium diameter both
Fine Sediment
mineral and organic
M-H
Free floating oils that do not emulsify in aqueous
Free Oil and Grease
solution, such as cooking and motor oil
L
Total phosphorous & total nitrogen
Nutrients (N & P)

L= low , M = medium, H= high , VH = very high

56
 Z
VARIABLE

X
Y

57

Developed by Rocla Pipelines and Urban
Water Resources Centre, University of
South, Australia.

Has a unique basket system to capture
pollutant as well as to remove it.

Small unit Cleans All used single piece
basket which can be easily removed.

Larger unit Cleans All used a quarter basket
system.

58

Large mesh area ensures flow velocity
through mesh is low

Weight of sinkable pollutants enables them
to settle without being forced against the
mesh - prevents blocking

Downward facing mesh promotes downward
movement of pollutants - prevents blocking

Does not rely upon “filtration” of pollutants
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Adjustable Support frame
separator plate

Stainless steel mesh

baskets

60
 Collection Chamber

Internal bypass weir

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62
 CL1350 at PJH

CL1200 at R8, PJH CL1200 at R8, PJH

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64
 CDS
location

Putrajaya P14-7, 830 units Apartments (Nam Fatt Bhd)

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66
67
68
1 2 3

69
4 5 6

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71
72
73
74
 CDS

Taman Botani (Gamuda & Hicom) 75

Tasik Prima (MPSJ)

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77
 CL1350 at PJH

CL1200 at R8, PJH CL1200 at R8, PJH

78
 CleansAll 900 CleansAll 375

CleansAll 1350 CleansAll 600

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80
The litter is easily maintained. Either by :
• Vacuum Suction

• Grab/Clamshell - Using a clamshell type

grap bucket
• Installed Basket – Simply lift out pollutants

with a lorry crane

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82
83
 3

1 2

6
4

84
85
86

Need to specify the required treatable flow rate –
typically 3 month ARI.

Match this to GPT treatable flow rate.

Check head losses for peak storm event in full by-
pass with pipe running full.

Check units ability to capture required pollutants –
gross pollutants, oils, suspended solids

Check ongoing maintenance methods match those
available.

Check for confined space entry requirement.

Check durability of internal and structural
components.
87
88

Catchment Area

Time of Concentration

Return Period

89
 HYDRAULIC DESIGN

Ye s Clie nt No mina te d No INPUT DATA

Flo ws to Tre a t
- Ca tc hme nt Are a
GPTUnit Se le c tio n Pro d uc e ARI
1:3 Mo nths ARI Flo ws Gra p h - Ra infa ll Inte nsity, I

- Time o f
He a d lo ss fo r De sig n Flo w Co nc e ntra tio n, tc

Hyd ra ulic De sig n

INPUT DATA

- He a d lo ss
Clie nt No mina te d - d / s Wa te r Le ve l
Syste m De sig n - u/ s Wa te r Le ve l
Ca pa c ity, Q De sig n - Syste m Q d e sig n
- Ma in Dra in Size to
GPT
- Gra d ie nt
Esta b lish Syste m Ca p a c ity,
Q Syste m

Dive rsio n Cha mb e r De sig n

No Ye s
Ca n Dive rsio n Cha mbe r
Op e ra te with a Fixe d We ir?

Co lla p sib le We ir Se le c tio n

Ca n Dive rsio n Cha mbe r

Op e ra te with a Co lla p sib le Ye s
We ir?

Hyd ra ulic Che c k o f the Syste m

Ca n the Syste m Flo w by Pa ss

GPTUnit witho ut Ca using Ye s
Flo o d ing ?

Pre limina ry De sig n o f GPTUnit is

Co mp le te d
90
Q= Design a GPT using CDS


Catchment Area = 5.5 ha

Time of Concentration = 35 min

Return Period = 3 month ARI

Location = Seremban

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