Scribd
Upload
19 views

Jeeheheb GRR

The document discusses the molecular structure of DNA, RNA, and proteins, describing the building blocks of DNA and RNA, including nucleotides, sugars, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases, as well as the differences between DNA and RNA such as their base pairing and location in the cell. It also provides information on protein synthesis through transcription and translation.

Uploaded by

ahhhyi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views

Jeeheheb GRR

The document discusses the molecular structure of DNA, RNA, and proteins, describing the building blocks of DNA and RNA, including nucleotides, sugars, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases, as well as the differences between DNA and RNA such as their base pairing and location in the cell. It also provides information on protein synthesis through transcription and translation.

Uploaded by

ahhhyi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

Molecular Structure of DNA,

RNA, and Proteins


LESSON 1
2 Quarter
nd
Objectives
a. Describe the building block of DNA and RNA;
b. Identify the structural and functional differences
between DNA and RNA; and
c. Appreciate the importance of DNA and RNA in
our daily lives.
Message Relay!
Direction: The students are tasked to relay a message where
the contents are questions related to the topic to be discussed.
Students must relay the question given and the last person
who receives the message must write the question to the
board within 30 seconds. Right after, students are given time
to try to answer the question being relayed as a group within
15 seconds.
DNA structure was first determined in 1950’s by Francis Crick
and James Watson based on the X-ray crystallographic data of
Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin.
X-ray Crystallographic data of Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind
Franklin

X-ray Crystallography allows the investigation of molecular structure using


patterns formed by X-rays through a crystalline material
Using Franklin’s X-ray crystallography and their idea of the
Chargaff’s rule, they were able to determine the helix structure
of the DNA.
What is DNA?
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid

• DNA is one type of nucleic acid made up of


nucleotides and is composed of deoxyribose (5-
carbon sugar), a phosphate group and
nitrogenous bases.
• Found in the nucleus
Phosphate
Two types of Nitrogenous bases in
DNA with two forms each
PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES
PURINES
double-ringed nitrogenous base
adenine (A) and guanine (G)
PYRIMIDINES
single-ringed nitrogenous base
cytosine (C) and thymine (T)
Phosphate group of one nucleotide forms a covalent
bond with the sugar molecule of the next nucleotide
to form polymers of nucleotide monomers.
 Sugar phosphate group serves as the backbone of the
DNA
 The deoxyribose containing five carbons is numbered
from 1’ to 5’ clockwise from the oxygen
 At the 5’ (read as five prime)
carbon of one nucleotide and the
3’ carbon of the other nucleotide
is the point of attachment of the
phosphate group

 This means the two DNA strands


are antiparallel
Nitrogenous bases form pairs between a purine and
pyrimidine: A pairs with T by two hydrogen bonds
and G with C by three hydrogen bonds
What is RNA?
RNA stands for ribonucleic acid
• The same with DNA but differ in five-carbon sugar
which is RNA has ribose
• The difference between ribose and deoxyribose is
the presence of hydroxyl group at the 2’ carbon
whereas a deoxyribose only has a hydrogen atom at
the 2’
• Found in the nucleolus
One of the nucleotides in RNA is different from
the DNA. Instead of thymine, the nitrogenous
base adenine forms a pair with uracil (U)
Three main types of RNA involved in protein
synthesis
messenger RNA (mRNA)
Carries codes from DNA to sites of protein synthesis on ribosomes in
cell cytoplasm.

transfer RNA: (tRNA)


Carries amino acids to ribosomes.

ribosomal RNA: (rRNA)


Combines with proteins to form ribosomes and translates information
from mRNA and tRNA.
Let’s Try This!
Complete the table below to summarize the similarities and
difference of DNA and RNA

Comparison DNA RNA


Nitrogenous bases
Base Pairs
Structure
Sugar
Location in the cell
DNA RNA

Nitrogenous adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine
bases
Base pairs Adenine and thymine Adenine and uracil
cytosine and guanine cytosine and guanine
Structure Double-stranded in a double helix made up Single stranded made up of nucleotides
of nucleotides
Function Replicates and stores genetic information Carry out instructions encoded in DNA

Length Several cm in length Up to thousand base pairs long


Strand double-stranded, forming a double helix single-stranded

Sugar deoxyribose ribose


Location nucleus nucleolus
Replication DNA is self-replicating RNA is synthesized from DNA through the
process of transcription
Protein synthesis
Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in
two stages: transcription and translation.
 Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in
the nucleus.

 Translation involves decoding a messenger RNA (mRNA) to be translated


into amino acids. Amino acids are linked together to build a polypeptide.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy