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    Rhythm

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    albert garcia
    Rhythm refers to the perceived regularity of prominent units in speech. There are two main types of rhythmic patterns in languages: syllable-timed and stress-timed. In syllable-timed languages, each syllable has equal duration regardless of stress, while in stress-timed languages the time between stressed syllables is regular. English exhibits a stress-timed rhythm, with rhythm units consisting of one strongly stressed syllable followed by weaker syllables. The number and reduction of unstressed syllables can vary depending on speech rate, with fewer stresses at faster speech rates.

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    Rhythm

    Uploaded by

    albert garcia
    48 views7 pages
    Rhythm refers to the perceived regularity of prominent units in speech. There are two main types of rhythmic patterns in languages: syllable-timed and stress-timed. In syllable-timed languages, each syllable has equal duration regardless of stress, while in stress-timed languages the time between stressed syllables is regular. English exhibits a stress-timed rhythm, with rhythm units consisting of one strongly stressed syllable followed by weaker syllables. The number and reduction of unstressed syllables can vary depending on speech rate, with fewer stresses at faster speech rates.

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    Rhythm refers to the perceived regularity of prominent units in speech. There are two main types of rhythmic patterns in languages: syllable-timed and stress-timed. In syllable-timed languages, each syllable has equal duration regardless of stress, while in stress-timed languages the time between stressed syllables is regular. English exhibits a stress-timed rhythm, with rhythm units consisting of one strongly stressed syllable followed by weaker syllables. The number and reduction of unstressed syllables can vary depending on speech rate, with fewer stresses at faster speech rates.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    48 views7 pages

    Rhythm

    Uploaded by

    albert garcia
    Rhythm refers to the perceived regularity of prominent units in speech. There are two main types of rhythmic patterns in languages: syllable-timed and stress-timed. In syllable-timed languages, each syllable has equal duration regardless of stress, while in stress-timed languages the time between stressed syllables is regular. English exhibits a stress-timed rhythm, with rhythm units consisting of one strongly stressed syllable followed by weaker syllables. The number and reduction of unstressed syllables can vary depending on speech rate, with fewer stresses at faster speech rates.

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    of 7

    6.

    Rhythm and sentence stress:


    6.1. Rhythm

    .
    Rhythm
    • So far we’ve looked at stress as a property of
    words. lexical stress.
    • But, when words are strung together in
    sentences some of the stressed syllables remain
    stressed and others may lose their stress. Take
    the word “over” as an example: it is
    transcribed /
    • But, if we put this into a sentence like The dóg
    júmped over the fénce, the word “over” is not
    stressed any more.
    • So, lexical stress and sentence stress are not
    exactly the same thing.
    Rhythm
    • RHYTHM: Definition

    • The perceived regularity of prominent units in


    speech (Crystal, 1980)
    • The pattern of occurrence in time of relatively
    “strong” and “weak” events (Ashby &
    Maidment, 2005)
    Rhythm
    • RHYTHM: Two types

    1. Syllable-timed rhythm: Romance languages.

    2. Stress-timed rhythm: Germanic languages, Arabic,


    Russian.

    • Both kinds of rhythm are characterised by the recurrence


    of a given element at regular intervals ISOCHRONY
    Rhythm
    • In syllable-timed rhythm:
    • Each syllable has the same duration, whether it is
    stressed or not. They are isochronous.
    • The time between stresses is not isochronous. It
    depends on the number of syllables.
    • Si nó viénes a vérme, nó te háblo más.

    • In stress-timed rhythm:
    • The time taken from one strong stress to the next is
    about the same.
    • Therefore some syllables will be much shorter than
    others.
    • So bóth of them léft on the síx o´clock tráin
    Rhythm
    • If we take the English sentence again, we can divide it into
    RHYTHM UNITS or FEET. units consisting of one strongly
    stressed syllable and the unstressed syllables that attach
    themselves to it.

     So bóth of them  léft on the  síx o´clock  tráin 


    Sénd them awáy at ónce:  Sénd them a wáy at  ónce

    • Some comments:
    • Isochrony is subjective, based on the perception of the
    listener. The intervals are not measurably identical.
    • This dichotomy has proved to be an oversimplification it is
    more accurate to say that some language make greater use of
    one type of rhythm.
    • Accents of the same language may have different rhythms.
    Rhythm
    • But, rhythm also depends on the speed: when we speak more
    quickly, we tend to delete more of the strong stresses:
    • VERY FAST SPEECH
      That cóacharrived  láte 
    • FAST SPEECH
     that cóacha- rríved  láte
    • SLOW, CAREFUL SPEECH
    Thát  cóacharríved láte 

    • Note that the English foot is basically trochaic a stressed


    followed by an unstressed syllable:
    • Óne two thrée four fíve six

    • Thus, if there is more than one unstressed syllable, reduction


    may take place→óp(e)ra, cám(e)ra, bátt(e)ry
    • Also elision of pre-tonic syllables→ p(o) líce, p(a)ráde,
    t(e)rrífic

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