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    NICU PPT Hypo and Hyperthermia

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    elsawzgood
    Neonatal hypothermia and hyperthermia are conditions where a newborn's body temperature is outside the normal range of 36.5-37.5°C. The document discusses: 1) Newborns are at high risk of hypothermia due to their large surface area and inability to shiver. Hypothermia can be caused by a cold environment, wet skin, or underlying illness. 2) Prevention of hypothermia is crucial and involves keeping newborns warm after delivery through skin-to-skin contact and delayed bathing. Symptoms of hypothermia include poor feeding and sluggishness. 3) Hyperthermia has fewer known causes but can

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    NICU PPT Hypo and Hyperthermia

    Uploaded by

    elsawzgood
    804 views23 pages
    Neonatal hypothermia and hyperthermia are conditions where a newborn's body temperature is outside the normal range of 36.5-37.5°C. The document discusses: 1) Newborns are at high risk of hypothermia due to their large surface area and inability to shiver. Hypothermia can be caused by a cold environment, wet skin, or underlying illness. 2) Prevention of hypothermia is crucial and involves keeping newborns warm after delivery through skin-to-skin contact and delayed bathing. Symptoms of hypothermia include poor feeding and sluggishness. 3) Hyperthermia has fewer known causes but can

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    Ward: Neonatal intensive care unit Title: Hypo and hyperthermia By. Dr. for medical student

    Original Title

    NICU PPT hypo and hyperthermia

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    Neonatal hypothermia and hyperthermia are conditions where a newborn's body temperature is outside the normal range of 36.5-37.5°C. The document discusses: 1) Newborns are at high risk of hypothermia due to their large surface area and inability to shiver. Hypothermia can be caused by a cold environment, wet skin, or underlying illness. 2) Prevention of hypothermia is crucial and involves keeping newborns warm after delivery through skin-to-skin contact and delayed bathing. Symptoms of hypothermia include poor feeding and sluggishness. 3) Hyperthermia has fewer known causes but can

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    804 views23 pages

    NICU PPT Hypo and Hyperthermia

    Uploaded by

    elsawzgood
    Neonatal hypothermia and hyperthermia are conditions where a newborn's body temperature is outside the normal range of 36.5-37.5°C. The document discusses: 1) Newborns are at high risk of hypothermia due to their large surface area and inability to shiver. Hypothermia can be caused by a cold environment, wet skin, or underlying illness. 2) Prevention of hypothermia is crucial and involves keeping newborns warm after delivery through skin-to-skin contact and delayed bathing. Symptoms of hypothermia include poor feeding and sluggishness. 3) Hyperthermia has fewer known causes but can

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    Neonatal Hypothermia

    Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia


    Ministry of Health

    Federal Democratic Republic of


    1 Ethiopia
    Objective
    At the end of this session the trainee is expected to:
    Define and classify hypothermia
    Discuss mechanisms of heat loss in newborn.
    List causes of hypothermia
    Enumerate clinical manifestations of hypothermia
    Prevent hypothermia
    Manage hypothermia

    Federal Democratic Republic of


    2 Ethiopia
    Introduction
     Newborn survival can be improved by prevention of
    hypothermia.
     Newborns must adapt to the new and colder
    environment by metabolic production ( lack shivering
    response).
     Heat loss can be minimized by keeping newborns in
    thermo-neutral environment.
     The normal body temperature is between 36.50C -
    37.5 0C.
     Hypothermia is defined as skin (axillary) temperature
    less than 36.50C.
    Federal Democratic Republic of
    3 Ethiopia
    Introduction cont…
    Newborns are at risk of hypothermia because of
    their large surface area for small body mass
    Premature and LBW babies are even at higher
    risk for the following reasons.
     Highly permeable skin
     Deficient subcutaneous fat with less insulation
     Deficient stores of brown fat
     Immature central thermoregulation
     Poor caloric intake
     Poor oxygen consumption because of associated
    pulmonary problems
    Federal Democratic Republic of
    4 Ethiopia
    Mechanisms of heat lose
    Convection- heat is lost from skin to moving air.
    Radiation –heat is dissipated from baby to colder
    object in the surrounding (floor, wall or window).
    Conduction –baby loses heat to the surface on
    which he or she lies.
    Evaporation – major cause of heat loss
    immediately after birth ,water is evaporated from
    wet infants skin like evaporation from boiling
    water.

    Federal Democratic Republic of


    5 Ethiopia
    Picture illustrating physical
    mechanisms of heat lose

    Federal Democratic Republic of


    6 Ethiopia
    Classification of hypothermia
    Based on severity hypothermia could be:
    Mild (cold stress) = 360C -36.40C
    Moderate = 320C -35.9 0C and
    Severe (neonatal cold injury) < 32 0C

    Causes of hypothermia
    Cold environment/room
    Wet or naked baby
    Cold linen

    Federal Democratic Republic of


    7 Ethiopia
    Causes cont…
    Transportation without proper precaution
    Procedures without thermal protection
    Early bath
    Sepsis
    Prematurity
    Hypoglycemia
    Hypoxia
    Congenital defects (gastroschisis, omphalocele,
    neural tube defects etc…)

    Federal Democratic Republic of


    8 Ethiopia
    Clinical manifestation
    Bluish discoloration of extremities (acrocyanosis)
    Cold and mottled extremities
    Sluggish and inactive neonate
    Unsatisfactory weight gain and slow increase in
    head size
    Newborns with severe hypothermia present
    with
    Failure to suck and hypoglycemia
    Bradycardia , irregular and slow breathing
    Disseminated intravascular coagulation & shock

    9 Federal Democratic Republic of Eiopia


    Prevention of hypothermia
    Before delivery
    Warm delivery room
    Organize newborn corner with adequate heat
    source
    During delivery
    Deliver the baby on mother’s abdomen
    Dry the baby thoroughly immediately after birth
    and remove wet clothes.
    Use cap to prevent significant heat loss through
    the scalp
    Federal Democratic Republic of
    10 Ethiopia
    Prevention cont…
    Keep the newborn in skin to skin contact with the
    mother
    Keep the newborn under pre heated radiant
    warmer – if need for resuscitation
    Cover weighing scales with warm towel
    Initiate early breast feeding

    Federal Democratic Republic of


    11 Ethiopia
    Prevention cont…
    Subsequent care
    Arrange appropriate transportation if needed
    Postpone bathing (after 24 hours)
    Warm hands and stethoscope before touching
    the baby
    Do examination/resuscitation under the radiant
    warmer
    Practice rooming in wards/post natal rooms
    Keep newborn away from windows and drafts
    Continue breast feeding
    Federal Democratic Republic of
    12 Ethiopia
    General management of
    hypothermia
    Identify and treat causes(disease process and
    environmental conditions)
    Put the infant on KMC, in incubators or under
    radiant warmer.
    Warm the new born slowly
    Monitor axillary temperature every hour till it
    becomes stable
    Monitor correct environmental temperature

    Federal Democratic Republic of


    13 Ethiopia
    Management of severe
    hypothermia
    Warm the baby using a pre warmed radiant
    warmer.
    Remove cold or wet cloths.
    Cover the baby with warm clothes and hat.
    Treat for sepsis ,if present
    Measure blood glucose and treat if hypoglycemic.
    Keep IV line under the radiant warmer to warm
    the fluid.
    Measure the baby’s temperature every hour.

    Federal Democratic Republic of


    14 Ethiopia
    Management cont…
    If the baby’s temperature is increasing at least 0.5
    °C per hour in the 1st three hours, re warming is
    successful.
    Then measure temperature every two hours.
    If the baby’s temperature does not rise or is rising
    more slowly than 0.5 °C per hour, check and
    reset temperature of the warmer.
    Once the baby’s temperature is normal, measure
    the temperature every three hours for 12 hours
    and then 12 hourly.

    Federal Democratic Republic of


    15 Ethiopia
    Summary
    Newborns are at higher risk of hypothermia
    Prevention of hypothermia improves newborn
    survival and should start from delivery room
    Newborns lose heat by convection, radiation,
    conduction and radiation.
    Think of hypothermia during delivery, neonatal
    evaluation, resuscitation and transportation.

    Federal Democratic Republic of


    16 Ethiopia
    THANK YOU!

    17 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia


    Neonatal Hyperthermia

    Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia


    Ministry of Health

    Federal Democratic Republic of


    18 Ethiopia
    Objectives
    At the end of this session the trainee is expected to:
     Define hyperthermia
     List causes of hyperthermia
     Enumerate clinical manifestations of hyperthermia
     Manage hyperthermia

    Federal Democratic Republic of


    19 Ethiopia
    Hyperthermia
    Less frequently seen when compared with
    hypothermia.
    It occurs when axillary temperature is above
    37.5oC.
    Causes
    High environmental temperature
    Dehydration
    Infection
    CNS dysfunction and
    Medications.
    Federal Democratic Republic of
    20 Ethiopia
    Clinical feature
    Tachypnia
    Excessive sweating
    Flushed, bright and pink skin
    If trunk and extremities will have the same
    temperature and the infant appears
    pink/vasodilated consider environmental causes.
    In infants with sepsis extremities are 2 0C to 30C
    colder than the trunk.

    Federal Democratic Republic of


    21 Ethiopia
    Management
    Early and frequent breast feeding
    Keep the baby away from source of excessive
    heat
    Remove extra cloths
    Look for possible causes including infections and
    treat accordingly.
    Do not rash to start antibiotics before ruling out
    other causes
    Don’t use antipyrects as initial treatment.

    Federal Democratic Republic of


    22 Ethiopia
    Thank you

    23 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

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