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Language Variations

This document discusses various types of language variations including dialects, sociolects, diglossia, idiolects, accents, styles, registers, and jargons. It explains that dialects are variations of a language based on region that are generally mutually intelligible. Sociolects are variations based on social factors like class, education, age, and sex. Diglossia refers to different varieties of a language coexisting for formal and informal contexts. Other types of variations discussed include personal idiolects, regional accents, stylistic variations based on situation, and technical registers and jargons associated with occupations.

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39 views

Language Variations

This document discusses various types of language variations including dialects, sociolects, diglossia, idiolects, accents, styles, registers, and jargons. It explains that dialects are variations of a language based on region that are generally mutually intelligible. Sociolects are variations based on social factors like class, education, age, and sex. Diglossia refers to different varieties of a language coexisting for formal and informal contexts. Other types of variations discussed include personal idiolects, regional accents, stylistic variations based on situation, and technical registers and jargons associated with occupations.

Uploaded by

harsh sisodia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LANGUAGE VARIATIONS

By
Dr. Manjri Suman
 Language and society are closely knit entities and highly
dependent each other.

 Our choice of language is based more on social and


political factors than linguistic factors.

 Linguistic properties of a language change from place to


place, situation to situation and class to class.
DIALECTS
 Dialects are variations in phonological, grammatical and
lexical features of a particular language due to regional
differences.
 Dialects are variations in form of the same language and
are generally mutually intelligible.
 Socially, dialects are mostly considered to be subordinate
varieties. But, it is more a matter of the political and
social position of the speakers.
 Some regional differences have stereotypical
pronunciations associated with them.
DIALECT BOUNDARIES AND
CONTINUUM

 Isogloss: It represents the boundary between areas with


regard to one particular linguistic term. ( e.g. seedhi –
jeena; paper bag-n paper sack)
 Dialect Boundaries: When a number of isoglosses come
together, a more solid line is drawn known as dialect
boundaries.
 Dialect Continuum: At most dialect boundaries one
variety merges into another. Thus, the regional variations
exists along a continuum.
LANGUAGE AND SOCIAL CLASS
 The internal differences of human society is reflected in their
language. Different social groups use different linguistic
varieties to communicate.
 These varieties are termed as Sociolect.

 Sociolect: These are varieties of language used by groups


defined according to class, education, age, sex and a number
of other social parameters.

 Overt Prestige: Recognised as “better” or positively valued ways of


speaking in social communities.
 Covert Prestige: “Hidden” prestige is often attached with ‘non-standard’
forms and expressions by certain sub groups. E.g. swear words used by
school/college students.
LANGUAGE VARIATIONS- 1
 Diglossia: Different varieties of language co-exists in a speech
community with a distinct range of social functions.
 Low Variety- For informal or conversational matters.
 High Variety- For formal or serious matters.
 Idiolect: Personal dialect of each individual speaker of the
language.

 Accent: A manner of pronunciation particular to a person,


location/ region or nation. It may help in identifying the
locality, socio-economic status, ethnicity, caste or social class,
the first language of the speaker and so on. For e.g.
 Regional or geographic accent
 Ethnic accent (Place of origin)
LANGUAGE VARIATIONS -2
 Style: Variations in speech occasioned by situation of
use.

 It is a set of variations with specific social meanings which


may include group membership, personal, attributes or
beliefs.

 Can be measured by the amount of attention paid to the


speech.

 A systematic observation of a speaker defines a formal


context. E.g. An interview.
LANGUAGE VARIATIONS- 3
 Register: These are variations according to use in
specific situations.
• For e.g. Religious register, legal register, Linguistic register.

 Jargons: Are key features of Register. These are technical


terms/ vocabulary associated with a special activity or
particular occupation.
 Mostly associated with subject, occupation or business.
 Jargons of the ATC, Doctors, Engineers etc.

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