Electronic Devices and Circuits

Lecture (1-A)

Dr. Khawaja Haider Ali

Email: haiderali@iba-suk.edu.pk
Office: Room no: 204, Academic Block-2
Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA
 Introduction to OBE
Outcome Based Education

Different Levels of Outcomes

Programme Educational Objectives
Few years after
PEOs Graduation – 3 to 5 years
Programme Learning Outcomes
PLOs Upon graduation

Course Learning Outcomes Upon subject completion

CLOs
Weekly/Topic Outcomes Upon weekly/topic completion
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 Program Educational Outcomes
PEOs (EE-Sukkur IBA)
The Program Educational Objectives of the B.E (Electrical
Engineering) program of the Sukkur IBA are to produce quality
engineers who will:
1. Be competent in the Electrical Engineering discipline by
demonstrating technical competence in identifying,
formulating, analyzing and creating engineering solutions.
2. Pursue continuous learning to maintain and enhance
professional skills by advanced education, professional
development activities and other career-appropriate
options.
3. Possess effective communication abilities and undertake
leadership roles when appropriate.
4. Practice Electrical Engineering profession in an ethical and
responsible manner.
 Program Learning Outcomes
PLOs (EE-Sukkur IBA)
The graduates from the Electrical Engineering department of Sukkur IBA will
have the following skills, knowledge and abilities:

1. Engineering Knowledge
2. Problem Analysis
3. Design/Development of Solutions
4. Investigation
5. Modern Tool Usage
6. The Engineer and Society
7. Environment and Sustainability
8. Ethics
9. Individual and Team Work
10. Communication
11. Project Management
 Course Learning Outcomes
CLOs (EDC)

CLO1: Explain the basic construction, operation

and characteristics of semiconductor devices.
CLO2: Apply the acquired knowledge to solve
small scale circuits consisting of diodes and
transistors.
CLO3: Perform and Practice the diode and
transistor circuits using lab tools.
 CLOs to PLOs Relation

CLOs Related Learning Teaching Methods CLO attainment checked

PLOs Level in

CLO1 PLO1 Cog3 Lectures, Tutorial, Mid,Quiz1,Assignment1

Assignments

CLO2 PLO2 Cog3 Lectures, Tutorial, Final,Quiz2,Assignment2

Assignments

CLO3 PLO5 Psycho4 Instruction, Labs Lab Exam, Lab

Assignment/Manual
Completion
 Online materials
Course website:
 http://lms.iba-suk.edu.pk/
Electronic devices Fall 2023
Enrollment code: 123456
– Includes lecture slides
– handouts
– homework assignments

 http://cms.iba-suk.edu.pk/ Attendance & final grades

 Organisation
Contact:
Email: haiderali@iba-suk.edu.pk

Consultation hours:
Room#204, Academic Block-II
Thursday: 12: 45 Pm-1:45 pm

Grading for Theory: *As per SIBA policy

Midterm Exams (30%)
Final Exam (50%)
Assignment (10%)
Quizzes (10%)
 Books
Textbook:

Prerequisite:
– Linear Circuit Analysis
Why Electronic Devices
Course Contents:

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Course Contents: (Cont.)

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Assessment and Evaluation:

1. Class Participation/Assignment 10%

2. Quizzes 10%
3. First Term Exams 30%
4. Final Examination 50%

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Atomic Structure
Atom:

Atom is a basic or fundamental unit of matter.

Its a Greek word which means invisible.

All materials are composed of these small particles known as

atoms.

An atom is consist of three particles which are known as Electron,

Proton and Neutron.
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Atomic Structure (Cont.)
Electron:
An electron is negatively
charged particle having
9.11×10^-31 mass

Proton:
A Proton is positively charged
particle having 1.67 ×10^-27
Kg mass.

Neutron:
Neuron is neutrally charged
(no charge) particle having
1.67 ×10^-27 Kg mass.
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Atomic Structure (Cont.)
An atom is consist of two parts: inner part and outer part.

The inner part (central part) contains protons and

neutrons, therefore charge on central part is +ve.

The outer part contain electrons only which revolve

around central part which is known as nucleus.

The number of electrons are always equal to number of

protons, therefore an atom is neutral as whole.

The number of electron or proton in an atom is called

Atomic Number.
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 Atomic Structure (Cont.)
The sum of protons and neutrons constitute entire weight of atom and is called
Atomic Weight.

What is difference between atomic mass and atomic weight ?????

The electrons in an atom revolves around the nucleus in different orbits or paths, the
number and arrangement of electrons in orbits is determined by:

2(n^2) where: n = No. of the orbit

 1st orbit= 2 × 1^2 = 2 × 1 = 2 Electrons

 2nd orbit= 2 × 2^2 = 2 × 4 = 8 Electrons
 3rd orbit= 2 × 3^2 = 2 × 9 = 18 Electrons

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Structure of Element
All atoms (elements) are made up of proton, electron and neutron.

The difference between various types of elements is due to different number and
arrangement of these particles with in atoms.

For example:
64
Copper Cu 29

 Atomic Weight= 64
 Atomic Number= 29

 No. of Protons= 29

 No. of Electrons= 29

 No. of Neutrons= 64 -29=35

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Structure of Element (Cont.)
Another example:

Corbon C612

 Atomic Weight= 12
 Atomic Number= 6

 No. of Protons= 6

 No. of Electrons= 6

 No. of Neutrons= 12-6=6

 For above two examples it is clear that every element has

different number and arrangement of particles in their
atoms. 19
Electron and Energy of Electron
An electron is negatively charged particle of atom having negligible
mass

Some of the important properties of electron are:

1. Charge on electron =e=1.602×10^(-19) Columb

2. Mass of an electron =m=9.0×10^(-31) kg
3. Radius of an electron =r=1.9×10^(-15) meter

From above properties it is observe that mass of an electron is very

small as compared to its charge, due to this property of electron it is
very mobile and greatly influenced by electric or magnetic field.
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Electron and Energy of Electron (Cont.)
 Energy of an Electron:
 As we know that electron moving around the nucleus so that it possess
two types of energy:

1. Kinetic Energy (Energy due to motion)

2. Potential Energy (Energy due to charge on nucleus)

 The total energy of an electron is sum of these energies

 The energy of electron increases as its distance from the nucleus increases

 Electron in third orbit possess more energy than electron in second orbit

 Electron in last orbit possess very high energy as compared to electron in

the inner orbit.
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Electron and Energy of Electron (Cont.)
These last orbit
electrons play an
important role in
determining the
physical,
chemical and
electrical
properties of
material.
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Valance and Free Electrons
Valance Electrons:
“The Electrons in the outer most orbit of an atom are known as valance
electrons”

The outer most shell can have a maximum number of 8 electrons i-e
the maximum number of valance electrons can be 8.

The valance electrons can determine the physical, chemical and

electrical properties of material.

These electrons can also determine whether or not the material is

chemically active, metal, or non-metal or gas or solid.
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Valance Electrons (Cont.)
On the basis of electrical conductivity, materials are generally
classified into conductors, insulators, and semiconductors.

The electrical behaviour can be determined from number of

valance electrons.

When the number of valance electrons of an atom is less than 4,

the material is usually a metal or conductor.

When the number of valance electrons of an atom is greater than

4, the material is usually a non-metal or insulator.

When the number of valance electrons of an atom is equal to 4,

the material has both metal and non-metal properties and
usually semi-conductor.
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Valance Electrons (Cont.)
Example:

 <4»Conductor >4»Insulator =4» Semiconductor

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Valance and Free Electrons
Free Electrons:

“The valance electrons which are very loosely attached to the nucleus are known as free
electrons”.

The greater the energy of valance electron, the lesser it is bound to the nucleus.

In metals, the valance electrons possess so much energy that they are very loosely attached
to the nucleus.

These loosely attached free electrons move at random with in the material which are
known as free electrons.

The free electrons can be easily removed or detached by applying small amount of external
energy.
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Free Electrons (Cont.)

On basis of these free electrons we can determine

electrical conductivity of material. Greater the number
of free electrons more is the conductivity
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Free Electrons (Cont.)
Conductor:
“A conductor is a substance which has a large
number of free electrons when potential
difference is applied across a conductor, the free
electrons move towards the positive terminal of
supply constituting electric current”.

Insulator:
“An insulator is a substance which has practically
no free electrons at ordinary room temperature
therefore an insulator does not conduct current
under the influence of potential difference”. 28
 Free Electrons (Cont.)
Semiconductor:
“A semiconductor is a substance which has very few
free electrons at room temperature, consequently
under the influence of potential difference, a
semiconductor practically conducts no current”.

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Any Questions ????????

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