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WBB Intro To Bolting

The document discusses roof bolting systems used in mining. It describes various roof bolt components like bolts, anchors, plates, and washers. It outlines different types of roof bolts including friction bolts, conventional bolts, fully grouted bolts, combination bolts, and cable bolts. The document also discusses factors to consider in roof bolt system design like geology, stresses, equipment, and costs. Proper system design depends on variables like bolt diameter, pattern, grade of steel, and characteristics of the immediate and secondary roof strata.

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Krushna Thakare
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13 views24 pages

WBB Intro To Bolting

The document discusses roof bolting systems used in mining. It describes various roof bolt components like bolts, anchors, plates, and washers. It outlines different types of roof bolts including friction bolts, conventional bolts, fully grouted bolts, combination bolts, and cable bolts. The document also discusses factors to consider in roof bolt system design like geology, stresses, equipment, and costs. Proper system design depends on variables like bolt diameter, pattern, grade of steel, and characteristics of the immediate and secondary roof strata.

Uploaded by

Krushna Thakare
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

Industrial Minerals -

Informational Meeting

Ramada Inn - Somerset Pa.


An Introduction to Roof Bolting

Bill Bookshar
Bureau of Deep Mine Safety
Roof Bolting
Various Roof Bolt Components

Roof Bolt
Accessories

Roof Bolting
Systems
Various
Applications
Bolt Components
 Bolt
 Anchor
 Roof Bolt Plate
 Washer
 ASTM F432-95
Types of Roof Bolts
 Each type- of
Friction Split
boltSets
is best suited to specific
 applications.
Conventional
 Point Anchor Bolts

 Which type of bolt would do best for your
Fully Grouted
 particular
Combinationroof conditions?
 Cable
Friction Bolts or Split Sets
 Rule of
Thumb is 1000
lbs. Per foot of
anchorage
Conventional Bolts

 Basic steel
rod with a
mechanical
friction
anchor
Fully Grouted Roof Bolts

 Resin Grout fills


entire annulus
Combination Bolts

 Top half is Fully


Grouted
 Bottom half is a
tensioned system
Cable Bolts
Specialty Roof Bolts
 Tension Rebar
Anchors
 Friction

 Mechanical Expansion

 Resin
 Point Anchor
 Fully Grouted
Drill Holes
 1” Systems
 1 3/8” Systems
 1 1/2” Systems
 1 3/4” Systems
 Finishing Bit
 .030 Maximum
oversize
Roof Bolt Plates
 4” X 4”
 5” X 5”
 6” X 6”
 Others

 Donut
Embossed
 Domed Plate
System Design and
Applications
 Yield Load, Diameter, and Grade of Bolts


Load Versus Carrying Ability
System Design and Applications
 Bolt Diameter - Bolt Pattern - Grade of Steel
All determine system capabilities


Basic Applications
 Create a Beam

 Hang from Overlying Strata

 Spot Bolt
Creating a Beam
 Strata is Bound
Together
System Design
Many Variables to consider

 Example - 2 x 4’s

 Strength of the rock


strata helps make the
beam
Suspension
 Strong Layer of
Strata

 Intermediate
Layer may be
weak

 Immediate Roof
Rock is competent
Spot Bolt
 Small area that may
be questionable or
poor quality

 May require
additional bearing
area such as wood or
steel mats
System Design
 Many variables to consider
 Immediate roof strata
 Secondary roof strata
 # of joints in the rock
 Joint spacing
 Geology
 Regional Stresses
• Residual Stress
• Mining induced stress
System Design
 Other Issues to consider
 Type of equipment available
 Ease of installation
 Training of employees
 Vendor support
 Costs
Resources Available
 Roof Bolt Manufacturers
 Bureau of Deep Mine Safety Engineering
Staff
 NIOSH
 Academic Groups
 Consultants

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