Scribd
Upload
7 views

Logic Gates

This document discusses digital and analog signals. It defines digital signals as discrete values represented by binary, while analog signals are continuous waves represented by sine waves. The key differences are that digital signals are discrete while analog signals are continuous. Digital signals are also more secure, allow higher transmission rates, and can represent messages in a device's language. The document then discusses basic logic gates like NOT, OR, AND, NAND, and NOR gates and how they operate on binary input values to produce output values. It also introduces binary and hexadecimal number systems used in digital electronics and computing.

Uploaded by

Prabhav Nandan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views

Logic Gates

This document discusses digital and analog signals. It defines digital signals as discrete values represented by binary, while analog signals are continuous waves represented by sine waves. The key differences are that digital signals are discrete while analog signals are continuous. Digital signals are also more secure, allow higher transmission rates, and can represent messages in a device's language. The document then discusses basic logic gates like NOT, OR, AND, NAND, and NOR gates and how they operate on binary input values to produce output values. It also introduces binary and hexadecimal number systems used in digital electronics and computing.

Uploaded by

Prabhav Nandan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

UNIT 1

By: Dr. SHILPA BAHL


Introduction to Signals
• A signal is an electromagnetic or electrical current that carries data
from one system or network to a special. There are two main sorts of
signals utilized in electronics: analog and digital signals.
1. Digital Signal :
It can only combat one among a hard and fast number of values.
This type of signal represents a true number within a continuing
range of values. A digital signal may be a signal that represents data
as a sequence of discrete values(non-continuos).
2. Analog Signal

Analog signals are continuous wave signals that change with


time period whereas digital is a discrete signal is a nature
Characteristics of Digital

• These signals are discrete or not continuous.


• This type of electronic l signals are often processed and transmitted
better compared to analog signal.
• Digital signals are versatile, so it’s widely used.
• The accuracy of the digital signal is best than that of the analog signal.
Characteristics of Analog Signal
• A Simple analog signal cannot be decomposed.
• An analog signal can be defined by using amplitude, time period
otherwise frequency, & phase.
• An analog signal is not resistant toward the noise, therefore; it
faces distortion as well as reduces the transmission quality.
• The analog signal value range cannot be fixed.
Analog Vs Digital
Analog signals are continuous wave signals that
change with time period whereas digital is a
discrete signal is a nature. The main difference
between analog and digital signals is, analog
signals are represented with the sine waves
whereas digital signals are represented with
square waves. Let us discuss some dissimilarity
of analog & digital signals.
Digital Signals
These signals are discrete or not continuous. A
digital signal carries the data in the form of binary
because it signifies in the bits.
Every digital signal has amplitude, frequency, &
phase like the analog signal. This signal can be
defined by bit interval as well as bit rate. Here, bit
interval in nothing but the required time for
transmitting an only bit, whereas the bit rate is bit
interval frequency.
Advantages of Digital Signal Over Analog Signal

• There are several advantages using digital signal over an analog signal.
• Digital signals are more secure, and they do not get damaged by noise.
• These signals use low bandwidth
• They allow the signals transmitted over a lengthy distance.
• Digital signal has a higher rate transmission
• By using these signals, we can translate the messages, audio, video
into device language.
• Digital signals enable the transmission of multidirectional concurrently.
Logic Gates
• In digital electronics, a gate is a logic circuit that has one or more
inputs but produces only single output.
• The output signal is obtained for only certain combinations of input
signals depending upon the circuits. Logic gates work on
the Boolean function and produce an output concerning input.
• Logic gates are the basic building components of any digital system. It
has one or more inputs but produces a single output.
NOT gate :
• The NOT gate is a fundamental gate that has one input and one output. It
changes the polarity of the input signal. Thus for input A, the output Y
equals NOTA, i.e., the output is not the same as the input. The Boolean
expression for NOT gate is shown below :
• Y = NOT A or A
• Here bar sign indicates NOT operation.
• NOT gate is known as an invertor because it inverts the polarity of the
input signal.
NOT Gate Truth Table
OR Gate
• OR gate :
• The OR gate has one or more inputs but produces only single output.
If any one of the given inputs is high then the output will also high.
Thus if there are N inputs A, B, C, ..., N, then output Y equals A or B
or C...or N.
• If there are two inputs A and B then output of OR gate will be given
by following mathematical operation:
• Y=A+ B
• Here + sign represents OR logical operation
OR Gate
AND Gate
• The AND gate has also two or more inputs but it produces only single
output. The output will be obtained 1 only when both the given inputs
are 1. This if there are N inputs A, B, C, ....., N, the output Y equals to
A and B and C and..... and N. The Boolean equation for AND gate is
shown below :
• Y = A. B or Y = A × B
• Here (.) or × sign represents AND logical operation
AND Gate Truth Table
NAND gate :

• NAND gate is a combination of two logic gates namely NOT and


AND gate. If both inputs A and B are 1 then the output will not be 1.
NAND gates are also called universal logic gates since using
universal gates the basic gates can be easily realized. The Boolean
expression for NAND gate is shown below :
• IT is also called the Universal Gate
NAND Gate Truth Table
NOR Gate

• The NOR gate is a combination of two basic logic gates namely NOT
and OR gates. It has two or more inputs but the output is single. Its
output will be 1 only when both inputs A and B are 0.
• NOR gates are also universal gates because using these the basic gates
can be easily obtained. The Boolean expression for NOR gate is
shown below:
• It is also called the Universal Gate
NOR Gate Truth Table
NUMBER SYSTEM
BINARY NUMBERS
• Binary numbers Computers do not have ten fingers so the decimal
number system is not the most efficient system to use in computers.
Instead, the binary system with radix 2 is used. For example, 1101(base
2) = 1*20 + 0*21 + 1*22 + 1*23 = 13(base 10). The rightmost digit is
the least significant digit with the worth 20 = 1. We can call the least
significant the 1's, the next digit from the right is the 2's. Next comes
the 4's, the 8's, etc. The calculation is illustrated in this table:

• Each digit in a binary number can have only two different values: 0 and
1. These are conveniently represented in an electrical wire as two
different voltages. The lower of the two voltages represents 0 and the
higher voltage represents 1.
Hexadecimal numbers
• Hexadecimal numbers The hexadecimal number system has radix 16.
The sixteen possible digits are written as this:

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy