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Fuzzy Logic Introduction

Fuzzy logic is an extension of classical binary logic that introduces the concept of partial truth. It allows intermediate values between completely true and completely false. Fuzzy set theory extends classical set theory by allowing elements to have a degree of membership in a set ranging from 0 to 1 rather than belonging or not belonging entirely. Fuzzy logic is useful for representing uncertainty and imprecision and has applications in control systems, decision making, and other areas involving vague or ambiguous information.

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56 views8 pages

Fuzzy Logic Introduction

Fuzzy logic is an extension of classical binary logic that introduces the concept of partial truth. It allows intermediate values between completely true and completely false. Fuzzy set theory extends classical set theory by allowing elements to have a degree of membership in a set ranging from 0 to 1 rather than belonging or not belonging entirely. Fuzzy logic is useful for representing uncertainty and imprecision and has applications in control systems, decision making, and other areas involving vague or ambiguous information.

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Fuzzy logic Introduction

• The word “fuzzy” means “vaguness (ambiguity)”.


• Fuzziness occurs when the boundary of a piece of information is not clear-cut.
• Fuzzy sets - 1965 Lotfi Zadeh as an extension of classical notation set. • Classical
set theory allows the membership of the elements in the set in binary terms.
• Fuzzy set theory permits membership function valued in the interval [0,1].
Example:
Words like young, tall, good or high are fuzzy.
• There is no single quantitative value which defines the term young.
• For some people, age 25 is young, and for others, age 35 is young.
• The concept young has no clean boundary.
• Age 35 has some possibility of being young and usually depends on the context in
which it is being considered.
Fuzzy set theory is an extension of classical set theory where elements have degree
of membership
Cont…
• Ithere exist much fuzzy knowledge (i.e. vague, uncertain inexact etc).
n real world,
• Human thinking and reasoning (analysis, logic, interpretation)
frequently involved fuzzy information.
• Human can give satisfactory answers, which are probably true.
• Our systems are unable to answer many question because the
systems are designed based upon classical set theory (Unreliable and
incomplete).
• We want, our system should be able to cope with unreliable and
incomplete information.
• Fuzzy system have been provide solution
What is Fuzzy logic
• The term fuzzy refers to things that are not clear or are vague. In the real world many
times we encounter a situation when we can’t determine whether the state is true or
false, their fuzzy logic provides very valuable flexibility for reasoning. In this way, we
can consider the inaccuracies and uncertainties of any situation.
• Fuzzy Logic is a form of many-valued logic in which the truth values of variables may
be any real number between 0 and 1, instead of just the traditional values of true or
false. It is used to deal with imprecise or uncertain information and is a mathematical
method for representing vagueness and uncertainty in decision-making.
• Fuzzy Logic is based on the idea that in many cases, the concept of true or false is too
restrictive, and that there are many shades of gray in between. It allows for partial
truths, where a statement can be partially true or false, rather than fully true or false.
• Fuzzy Logic is used in a wide range of applications, such as control systems, image
processing, natural language processing, medical diagnosis, and artificial intelligence.
Crisp set
• Classic set theory also termed as crisp sets
• It is also the fundamental to the study of fuzzy sets
• Theory of crisp sets had its roots of Boolean logic
• By using Boolean logic crisp set have only two options i.e (yes or no)
• For example: 1) is dog bark?->> yes. The dog barks.
• Here crisp set say yes or no type answers
Universe of discourse:
• Universe of discourse is also known as universal set.
• It contains all elements having same characteristics.
• Universal set is denoted by the symbol “E”

SET:
• A set is “well defined collection of objects”.
• Example:
• A{X1,X2,X3,….,Xn}
• Where X1,X2 and X3 are called the members of the set.
TERMINOLOGIES:

Membership: An element x is said to be a member of a set A if x belongs to the


set A.
• The membership is indicated by ɛ.
• x ɛ A means x belongs to A and x to A means x does not belong to A.
• Cardinality: The no of elements in a set is called cardinality of set. Suppose a
given set A= {4, 5, 6, 7} then cardinality of set A, denoted by |A| and will be 4.
• Null Set: A set with no elements is called null set and denoted by ф.
• Singleton Set: It has a single element.
• Subset Given sets A, B over universal set, A is said to be subset of B if A is
contained in B mean A ⊂ B (Proper subset) and A ⊆ B (improper subset).
Superset: If A is subset of B, it means B is superset of A. It is represented as A ⊃ B.

Power Set: All possible subset of a set including null set is called the power set.
For Example if A= {2, 4, 6, 7} then power set of A, denoted by A p is given as
{ ф, {2}, {4}, {6}, {7}, {2, 4}, {2, 6},{2,7},[4,6},(4,7},{6,7}, {2,4,6}, {2, 4, 7},{4,6,7}, {2, 6,7}, {2,4,6,7}}

SET OPERATIONS
1. Union of Sets: Union of Sets A and B is defined to be the set of all those elements which belong
to A or B or both and is denoted by A∪B.
A∪B = {x: x ∈ A or x ∈ B}

Example: Let A = {1, 2, 3} B= {3, 4, 5, 6}


A∪B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

2. Intersection of Sets: Intersection of two sets A and B is the set of all those elements which
belong to both A and B and is denoted by A ∩ B
1.A ∩ B = {x: x ∈ A and x ∈ B}
Example: Let A = {11, 12, 13}, B = {13, 14, 15}
A ∩ B = {13}
3. Difference of Sets: The difference of two sets A and B is a set of all those elements which belongs to A but do not
belong to B and is denoted by A - B.
1.A - B = {x: x ∈ A and x ∉ B}
Example: Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {3, 4, 5, 6} then A - B = {3, 4} and B - A = {5, 6}.
4. Complement of a Set: The Complement of a Set A is a set of all those elements of the universal set which do not belong to A and is
denoted by Ac.
Ac = U - A = {x: x ∈ U and x ∉ A} = {x: x ∉ A}
Example: Let U is the set of all natural numbers.
A = {1, 2, 3}
Ac = {all natural numbers except 1, 2, and 3}

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