STATISTICS AND

PROBABILITY
Second Semester Midterm/3rd Quarter
 IDENTIFY
Identify the following situation if it is population or sample.
1. A researcher wants to collect data from Grade 10 students in Bagumbayan National High
School for his study about the perception in their Mathematics subject.
2. A researcher wants to know the satisfactory of the chosen Grade 9 students of Taguig and
Pateros both private and public schools to their respective mathematics teacher.
3. A family in Bagumbayan is one of the representatives per barangay to be participant in
research about the satisfactory to the performance of the Mayor of Taguig.
 IDENTIFY
Identify the following situation if it is population or sample.
4. A corporation is intended to conduct research targeted the senior high school students in
Bagumbayan National High School to investigate the perception of the test questions in
General Mathematics.
5. Ana and James are one of the chosen participants to represents the Grade 7 students in
BNHS in a study about the improvement of reading comprehension of the said target
students.
 EXAMPLE OF PROBLEM
A researcher is a Statistics and Probability teacher in a school in Taguig City. He conducts a
quiz for his Grade 11 students in order to assess the understanding of the students in the
lesson discussed last 2 weeks. Since a hundred students are held by the said teacher, he needs
15 students per section to represent the whole population of his students in Statistics and
Probability. He wants to know the average, variance and standard deviation of his quiz based
on the scores of his students to know how the quiz difficulty.

1. Based on the last discussion, what will be the technique to be used by the said researcher?
2. In finding the mean, variance and standard deviation, how to made it by the teacher?
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

Parameter – a measure that describe a population.

Statistic – a measure that describe a sample.

 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

Population Mean
The mean of the entire population.

where:
x = given data
N = population size
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

Example 1:
Number x
1 12
2 10
3 11
4 15
5 12
6 14
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

Population Variance and Standard Deviation

Formula for Variance Formula for Standard Deviation

where:
population size
given data
population mean
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

Example 2:
The following are ages of the 16 Math teachers at Archimedes Secondary School.
30 34 32 38 28 36 40 31
35 34 33 30 37 40 30 40
Compute the Population Variance and Population Standard Deviation.
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

Example 2 (Solution):
 Compute the population mean.
 Subtract the population mean from each of the data.
 Square all the deviations of the data from the population mean.
 Find the sum of all the squared deviations.

• Divide the resulting sum by the population size.

Teacher Age (x) 548
1 30 -4.25 18.0625
2 34 -0.25 0.0625
34.25
3 32 -2.25 5.0625
4 38 3.75 14.0625
5 28 -6.25 39.0625 Population Variance Population Standard
6 36 1.75 3.0625 Deviation
7 40 5.75 33.0625
8 31 -3.25 10.5625
9 35 0.75 0.5625
10 34 -0.25 0.0625
11 33 -1.25 1.5625
12 30 -4.25 18.0625
13 37 2.75 7.5625
14 40 5.75 33.0625
15 30 -4.25 18.0625
16 40 5.75 33.0625
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

The sample Mean

The average of all the values randomly selected from the population.

where:
x = given data
n = sample size
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

Example 3:
The following are ages of the 16 Math teachers at Archimedes Secondary School.
The bold numbers are assumed that a researcher randomly selected.
30 34 32 38 28 36 40 31
35 34 33 30 37 40 30 40
Compute the mean.
Teacher Age (x) Sampled
Age (x)
1 30 Sum of Sampled Age
2 34 34 419
3 32
4 38 38
5 28 28
6 36 36
7 40 40
8 31 31
9 35 35
10 34 34
11 33 33
12 30 30
13 37
14 40 40
15 30
16 40 40
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

Sample Variance and Standard Deviation

Formula for Variance Formula for Standard Deviation

where:
sample size
given data
sample mean
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

Example 4:
Calculate the sample variance and sample standard deviation of the 12
randomly selected data in Example 3.
 Compute the population mean.
 Subtract the population mean from each of the data.
 Square all the deviations of the data from the population mean.
 Find the sum of all the squared deviations.

• Divide the resulting sum by the population size.

Age (x) Sampled Sum of Sampled Age
Age ()
30 419
34 34 -0.25 0.0625
32 34.92
38 38 3.75 14.0625
28 28 -6.25 39.0625 Sample Variance Sample Standard
36 36 1.75 3.0625 Deviation
40 40 5.75 33.0625
31 31 -3.25 10.5625
35 35 0.75 0.5625
34 34 -0.25 0.0625
33 33 -1.25 1.5625
30 30 -4.25 18.0625
37
40 40 5.75 33.0625
30
40 40 5.75 33.0625
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

Example 5:
The following are the scores of 8 randomly selected students in Grade 10:

7, 8, 12, 15, 10, 11, 9, and 14

Compute the Sample Mean, Sample Variance and Sample Standard Deviation.
No. x Sample Mean
1 7
2 8
3 12
4 15
5 10 Sample Standard
6 11 Sample Variance Deviation
7 9
8 14

86
No. x Sample Mean
1 7 -3.75 14.0625
2 8 -2.75 7.5625
3 12 1.25 1.5625
4 15 4.25 18.0625
5 10 -0.75 0.5625 Sample Standard
6 11 0.25 0.0625 Sample Variance Deviation
7 9 -1.75 3.0625
8 14 3.25 10.5625

86 55.5
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

Alternative Method for Sample Variance and

Standard Deviation

Formula for Variance Formula for Standard Deviation

No. x
Sample Variance Sample Standard Deviation
1 7
2 8
3 12
4 15
5 10
6 11
7 9
8 14

86
No. x
Sample Variance Sample Standard Deviation
1 7 49
2 8 64
3 12 144
4 15 225
5 10 100
6 11 121
7 9 81
8 14 196

86
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

FINDING THE SAMPLE MEAN FROM A FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

Frequency – number of times the value occurs in the data.

Class Interval – the numerical with of a class in a frequency distribution.
Class Mark – the middle of the class interval (add the two class divide two)
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

Example 6:
Find the sample mean from the frequency distribution table below.

Scores Frequency ()
40-42 2
43-45 5
46-48 8
49-51 12
52-54 6
55-57 4
58-60 3
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

Example 6 (Solution):
Scores Frequency () Class
Mark (
40-42 2 41 82
43-45 5 44 220
46-48 8 47 376
49-51 12 50 600
52-54 6 53 318
55-57 4 56 224
58-60 3 59 177
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

Alternative Method for Finding the Sample Mean using Deviation Method.

where:
assumed mean
frequency of each class
Note: Getting the assumed
coded deviation from A.M. mean through choosing from
class interval the class mark.
Scores Frequency Class
() Mark
(x)
40-42 2 41 -3 -6
43-45 5 44 -2 -10
46-48 8 47 -1 -8
49-51 12 50 0 0
52-54 6 53 1 6
55-57 4 56 2 8
58-60 3 59 3 9

A.M. = 50
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

Finding the Sample Variance and Sample Standard Deviation from a

Frequency Distribution

Sample Variance Sample Variance

 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

Example 7:
The scores in Chemistry of random selected Grade 10 students are shown below.
Solve for the sample variance and sample standard deviation.
Scores Frequency ()
60-64 1
65-69 2
70-74 2
75-79 4
80-84 6
85-89 8
90-94 5
95-99 7
Example 7 (Solution):

Scores Frequency () Class Mark

(
60-64 1 62 62
65-69 2 67 134
70-74 2 72 144
75-79 4 77 308
80-84 6 82 492
85-89 8 87 696
90-94 5 92 460
95-99 7 97 679
Example 7 (Solution):

-23 529 529

-18 324 648
-13 169 338
-8 64 256
-3 9 54
2 4 32
7 49 245
12 144 1,008
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

Alternative Method for Finding the Sample Variance and Sample Standard
Deviation from a Frequency Distribution.
Example 7 (Solution):

Scores
60-64 1 62 62 3,844
65-69 2 67 134 8,978
70-74 2 72 144 10,368
75-79 4 77 308 23,716
80-84 6 82 492 40,344
85-89 8 87 696 60,552
90-94 5 92 460 42,320
95-99 7 97 679 65,863
Example 7 (Solution):

Scores
60-64 1 62 62 3,844
65-69 2 67 134 8,978
70-74 2 72 144 10,368
75-79 4 77 308 23,716
80-84 6 82 492 40,344
85-89 8 87 696 60,552
90-94 5 92 460 42,320
95-99 7 97 679 65,863
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

Asking Question:

1. What is the formula of finding the population mean? In sample mean?

2. What is the formula of finding the population variance? Population variance?
3. What is the formula of finding the population standard deviation? Sample
standard deviation?
4. What is the alternative formula for the sample variance and standard
deviation?
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

Board Work:

Find the Sample Mean, Sample Variance, and Sample Standard Deviation of the
following scores of the chosen 5 Grade 11 students in 25-item Quiz 1 in Statistics
and Probability in Stem-Santos.

22, 18, 17, 19, 10

 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC
Sample Mean
Sample Standard
Answer:
Deviation
No. x
1 22 4.8 23.04
2 18 0.8 0.64
3 17 -0.2 0.04 Sample Variance
4 19 1.8 3.24
5 10 -7.2 51.84

86 78.8
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC
Sample Mean Sample Standard
Deviation
Answer (Alternative Formula:
No. x
1 22 484 Sample Variance
2 18 324
3 17 289
4 19 361
5 10 100
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC
Board Work:

Find the Sample Mean, Sample Variance Scores Number of

and Sample Standard Deviation of the Students
following results of the scores of the 1-3 3
random selected Grade 2 students on their 4-6 4
Math Quiz. Use alternative method to find 7-9 3
sample variance and sample standard 10-12 8
13-15 2
deviation.
Scores Frequency () Class
Mark (
1-3 3 2 6
4-6 4 5 20
7-9 3 8 24
10-12 8 11 88
13-15 2 14 28
Scores () Class
Mark (
1-3 3 2 6 12
4-6 4 5 20 100
7-9 3 8 24 192
10-12 8 11 88 968
13-15 2 14 28 392
1,664
Scores () Class
Mark (
1-3 3 2 6 12
4-6 4 5 20 100
7-9 3 8 24 192
10-12 8 11 88 968
13-15 2 14 28 392
1,664
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

What is the difference of getting the population mean, variance and standard
deviation, and getting the sample mean, variance and standard deviation?
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

Answer the following questions:

1. Parameter is the measure that describe?

2. Statistic is the measure that describe?
3. What do you call to the middle of the two class interval or adding the two
interval and divide by two?
4. The numerical width of a class in a frequency distribution.
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC
Students GWA
Assignment #6 1 95.23
Part I: 2 89.56
Find the sample mean, sample variance
3 88.55
and sample standard deviation of the 4 96.31
following General Weighted Average 5 95.25
(GWA) of the chosen Grade 10 students 6 90.00
in Mathematics 10. 7 90.25
8 81.50
9 85.38
10 97.59
 PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

Assignment #6 GWA Number of

Students ()
Part II: 98-100 5
Find the sample mean, sample variance 95-97 7
and sample standard deviation of the 92-94 14
following frequency distribution of 89-91 9
General Weighted Average (GWA) of 86-88 10
the chosen Grade 10 students in 83-85 12
Mathematics 10. 80-82 11
77-79 4
74-76 3