Power Laila

Landscape
architects and
their most famous
works
BY: Laila Al Qaisi
André Le Nôtre
André Le Nôtre (12 March 1613 – 15 September
1700), was a French landscape architect and the
principal gardener of King Louis XIV of France. He
was the landscape architect who designed the gardens
of the Palace of Versailles. His work represents the
height of the French formal garden style, or jardin à la
française.
Le Nôtre grew up in an atmosphere of technical
expertise. His father, Jean Le Nôtre, was the master
gardener of King Louis XIII at the Tuileries. At the
studio of painter François Vouet, he studied the laws
of perspective and optics, which he meticulously
followed in his plans, and from François Mansart,
uncle of Jules Hardouin-Mansart, the principal
architect of Versailles, he learned the principles of
architecture.
_In 1637, Le Nôtre succeeded his father as the head
gardener at the Tuileries. He revealed his genius for
expansive vistas by extending the main avenue, later
called the Champs-Élysées, as far as the eye could
see.
_he designed the château grounds of Vaux-le-
Vicomte, near Melun (1656–61), suiting his layout to
the relief of the ground². He extended from the
parterre's great blocks of trees, contracting
progressively to accentuate the perspective, and
related them to fountains, waterworks, and statuary,
obtaining the maximum reflection by attention to
water levels.
His most famous
designs:
1)Vaux-le-Vicomte
2) Gardens of the Palace of

Versailles.
1) Vaux-le-Vicomte.
Parterre de Broderie:
Le Nôtre designed an elaborate parterre de
broderie to frame the central path. These were
large, dramatic parterres framed with low
boxwood hedges, which remained consistent
throughout the seasons.
Symmetry and Perspective:

The gardens were laid out with a strong
emphasis on symmetry, scale, and perspective.
Le Nôtre used a technique called anamorphosis
abscondita, or "hidden distortion," to create a
sweeping view from the château’s Terrace de
Diane that makes the garden appear longer and
larger than it actually is.
1) Gardens of the Palace of Versailles.
*Water Features:*
The design included statues, fountains,
basins, and a canal, all integral to the
garden's visual impact. The water
features were overseen by Le Nôtre,
ensuring a cohesive design that
complemented the château.
*Scientific and Artistic Knowledge:*
Le Nôtre utilized the latest technical,
scientific, and artistic knowledge of his
era. This allowed him to create a
garden that was not only beautiful but
also innovative in its use of space and
water management.
Grand Perspective:
The gardens are designed with a strong east-west axis
known as the Grande Perspective, which extends from the
Water Parterre, just outside the central window in the Hall
of Mirrors, towards the horizon. This perspective was
developed and extended by Le Nôtre, who widened the
Royal Way and dug the Grand Canal.
Water Parterre:
The Water Parterre is situated close to the palace and
serves as the starting point of the Grand Perspective. It is
adorned with ornamental basins, statues, and bronze
groups.
Fountains and Statues:
The gardens feature 372 statues, 55 water features, and
600 fountains, with the most notable being the Latona
Fountain and the Fountain of Apollo. These fountains are
inspired by classical mythology and are integral to the
garden's design.
Grand Canal:
A 1-mile-long waterway, the Grand Canal, serves as the continuation
of the Royal Walk. It was once traversed by Venetian gondolas during
the reign of Louis XIV and is still a focal point for visitors today.
Orangerie:
The Orangerie, planned by Jules Hardouin-Mansart, is a grove that
includes over 1,000 trees, including palm, pomegranate, lemon, and
orange trees. It is located to the south of the terrace and features raised
flower beds leading to a pair of staircases.
Groves and Bosquets:
The gardens are dotted with numerous groves, such as the Ballroom
Grove, which is a landscaped amphitheater with an artificial waterfall.
These groves are designed for intimate gatherings and display a
mastery of sculpted vegetation.
Maintenance:
The design of the gardens requires regular replanting, approximately
once every 100 years, to maintain its intended appearance. This
practice has preserved the gardens' youthful appearance, similar to
how they would have looked to Louis XIV.
Kathryn Gustafson
Gustafson is renowned for creating distinctive
sculptural landscapes which engage at a fundamental
human level1. She conceives of all material as
possessing organic qualities that respond to the
seasons, as well as air, heat, sun, and wind. Her form-
making practice with terrain is all about movement
and her work frames the art of landscape as a
composition, combining complex elements both
visible and otherwise, such as light, sound, and
atmosphere.
His most famous
designs:
1) Diana, Princess of Wales

Memorial Fountain
2) Old Market Square in Nottingham

1) Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain
_The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial
Fountain, located in Hyde Park, London, is
a tribute to the late Princess Diana
_Design Concept: The design expresses
the concept of ‘Reaching out – letting in’
taken from the qualities of the Princess of
Wales that were most loved; her
inclusiveness and accessibility. The
fountain’s sculptural form is integrated into
the natural slope of land in London’s Hyde
Park and is designed to radiate energy as
well as draw people inwards.
_Water Flow: The design aims to reflect
Diana’s life, water flows from the highest
point in two directions as it cascades, swirls
and bubbles before meeting in a calm pool
at the bottom. The water is constantly being
refreshed and is drawn from London’s
water table.
1) Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain
_Material and Construction: The

fountain is made from 545 pieces of
Cornish granite.
_Interactive Features: The fountain
has detailed grooves and channels
which combine with air jets to animate
the water and create different effects
_Surrounding Area: The design
appears as a light-colored ring which
contrasts with the surrounding
meadow area and planting.
_Old Market Square in Nottingham is
one of the oldest public squares in the
UK, with an 800-year history as a
marketplace. The square was
regenerated by Kathryn Gustafson and
her team from 2005 to 2007.
_Size and Location: The square is before
11,500m2, making it the second largest in
Britain after London’s Trafalgar Square12.
It enjoys a strategic location in the city,
connecting the square with many areas
important for its residents and visitors.
after
_Design Concept: The new design incorporates the organic
topography of the original medieval square and
accommodates existing falls by gradual level changes for
wheelchair users and drainage.
Materials: The predominant material is granite, chosen to
reflect the importance of the space and provide a long
design life. The central market square is composed of a
large light-colored surface of slip-resistant granite from
Portugal that complements the Portland stone of the
Council House.
Seating Terraces: New terraces providing significantly
more seating than before are formed of grey, black, white,
and beige granite blocks. These colors reflect the range of
stone used in the surrounding building facades and also
delineate level changes. Their tapering forms create rows of
benches, while others form plant.
Events: Throughout the year, the new square hosts a series
of events such as regional food fairs, exhibitions, sport
events, concerts, ice skating, a ferris wheel, and the
“Nottingham Riviera”
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andre-notre
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. Gardens of the Palace of Versailles, Paris; visit these world-famoustps
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https://bing.com/search?q=design+of+the+Gardens+of+the+Palace+of+Versailles.
Palace of Versailles.
https://www.chateauversailles.fr/.
Kathryn Gustafson — Gustafson Porter + Bowman. https://www.gp-b.com/kathryn-gustafson. _
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Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain / Gustafson Porter - ArchDaily.
https://www.archdaily.com/803509/diana-princess-of-wales-memorial-fountain-gustafson-porter-
plus-bowman.
Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain | My Landscape Institute.
https://my.landscapeinstitute.org/case-study/diana%2c-princess-of-wales-memorial-fountain/
36156c22-d37b-e911-a99b-00224801ab04.
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of-wales-memorial-fountain-by-gustafson-porter-landscape-architecture/.
https://www.afarmgirlsdabbles.com/cheesy-grilled-crab-quesadillas-recipe-ruby-princess....
https://www.afarmgirlsdabbles.com/cheesy-grilled-crab-quesadillas-recipe-ruby-princess-
ketchikan-alaska/.
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historicshrine.com. http://historicshrine.com/.
diana|diana - Princess Diana Photo (33508984) - Fanpop. https://www.fanpop.com/clubs/princess-
diana/images/33508984/title/diana-photo
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square/.
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market-square.
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market-square-became-the-new-it-spot

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Landscape

2) Gardens of the Palace of

Symmetry and Perspective:

1) Diana, Princess of Wales

2) Old Market Square in Nottingham

_Material and Construction: The

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