Management

and
Administration

Henok Lemma
 Introduction of Administration??

The term Administration is synonymous with the

word management. Administration is concerned with
guiding and managing human behaviour. It is a
process of getting people to work together.
Administration is concerned with achievement with
getting things done, with programme and change.
 Definition of Administration

Administration is “that dynamic leadership that

marshals economic, technical and human
resources and motivates professional spirit and
cooperative efforts towards fulfilling the goal of
the organization”.
Another widely quoted definition of administration
was by Dr. Jesse F. Williams, Dr. Clifford L. Brownell
and Slemon Vernies.

“Administration means providing the

constructive leadership that plans and maintains
the programme and that enables the programme
to function effectively in accomplishing the
established and worthwhile goals”.
 Administration
Analysis of various definitions of administration shows
that it contains the following elements:
 Attainment of the objectives.
 Goals and targets
 Involvement of the people who are to be affected
by the administrative process.
 Optimum and productive utilization of resources.
 Leadership
 Commitment to the mission
 Facilitation of education
 Importance of Administration

In implementation of any programme or plan it is

envisaged that there has to be a leader or the
administrator who could give the lead and
administer the plan process in such a way that the
goal or target is achieved. There have been
occasion where the chief administer or executor
has been able to turn a mediocre plan into an
excellent one by his/her sheet ability to handle the
situation and taking control of the various stages
of the plan process.
It is generally felt that the money spent in in
employing the best available leader is the most
profitable use of funds. The leader is the person
who should possess the qualities and the
abilities to coordinate the efforts of all the
persons who are working for the attainment of
the goals/targets of the organization.
What is Administrative Management
The management of administration has become an important
function for each successful organization and plays an
essential role to ensure that organization run smoothly.
Administrative management is the process of managing
information through people. This usually involves
performing the storage and distribution of information to
those within an organization.
All managers, and many other professionals, carry out some
component of administrative management in their roles.
Anyone involved in the planning, co-ordinating, directing,
or controlling aspects of a business can be considered.
 Why study Administration??
The study of administration and management
is most essential in the field of physical
education and sports because it is in the
profession that students are required to take
up administrative responsibility as soon as
they finish their academics.
Even in their first position/job, person in
physical education or sports find themselves
thrust into administrative situations.
There are some common administrative duties that the
physical education teacher or coaches are entrusted to
perform even in their first year of work.
Those duties are:
 Organizing recreational or
intramural sports.
 Managing the activities of
swimming pool
 Participating in the parents-
teacher meetings
 Participating in various meetings
as a member
 Maintaining the inventory of the
equipment
 Fixing the curriculum and modification there to
periodically
 Selecting the right type of equipment and placing order
for the same, following the prescribed procedure.
 Supervising the upkeep of the equipment
 Ensuring the facilities of safety
 Supervising the repairs of the equipment and
infrastructure
 Organizing or directing play days, tournaments, meets or
public performance.
 Training and coaching the students.
 Advising students on matters relating to sports and
physical education.
 Organizing annual sports day.
 Preparing teams to participate in championships and
ensure that all the formalities are completed for such
participation.
 Sports Management and Administration
The concept of sports management and administration
along with the various connotations have been discussed
briefly. The elements that are involved in management have
also been discussed. Sports management and administration
have been frequently and at times consciously used as
synonymous terms. As there is commonality of usage and
understanding, an instant reaction is to refer to the
dictionary to find out the real meaning of the words, to
administer is also ‘to manage’. In the management literature
also administration and management have been used as
synonymous. Meaning of the two terms are broadly and
basically common.
It may be worthwhile here to list out some principles that
seen to work behind the consensus of usage of these two
terms. These are:

 The term administration is preferred in functions of the

government which involve social and political
administration. Management is preferred where the
governmental functions involve industrial and fiscal
management.
 Management is used where the functions are more in the
field of economics or the concept is of return on
investment. As these function are described better by the
use of the term ‘management’ hence it finds popular use
in this area.
 In the context where the elements of management
described in this area are visible and relevant the usage
of management in describing the functions is prevalent.
These functions are economics, financial, industrial and
exports etc.
 A general connotation of governing in any area is
‘administration’. It means management function and
much beyond the scope of management.
 The effort through either management or administration
is to ensure that there is complete discipline in the
functioning of any plan and the end results as desired are
achieved. The success of the administration or
management is to ensure that the set targets are achieved
within the time frame and investment that have been
earmarked for it.
Introduction to management

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 Objectives
Following successful completion of this chapter, the
learner have to be able to:
Define the term management according to
different perspective
Describe brief history of management

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 Objectives cont..
Understand the difference between
administration and management
Recognize the concept of management as a
science, art and profession

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 Chapter outlines
• Definition of management
• Management versus administration
• Why study management?
• History of management
• Concepts of management
• Summary

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 Definition of management

 There have been many attempts to codify

management into a single sentence or phrase
but has no agreed single definition.
 Today therefore, there are several but no one
universally accepted definition. But most share
a common idea “the fulfillment of objectives
through people”.

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 Definition cont….
The following are some of the definitions :-
1. Management is the process of forecasting, planning,
organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling
(Henri Fayol).
2. Management is the social process of planning,
coordination, control and motivation (E.F.L Brech).
3. Tom Peters defined it as organizational direction based
on sound common sense, pride in the organization and
enthusiasm for its works.

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 Definition cont…
4. Management is getting things done through
people.
5. The process of optimizing human, material
and financial resources for the achievement
of organizational goals.
6. The process of reaching organizational goals
by working with and thru people and other
organizational resources

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 Definition cont…
 For the purpose of this course management is defined
as:
The process of planning, organizing, staffing,
leading/directing, and controlling the efforts of
organizational members and of using all
available organizational resources to achieve
stated organizational goals (Menson, Albert).

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 Definition cont….
 Two points are worth noting in the previous definition:
 People are the most important and precious resource.
 Commitment to attain objectives/goals /purposes is
also the most important thing.

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 Definition cont…
 Generally, five conditions must be present for
management to succeed:
1. A mission, or goal, that the organization or sub-unit
expects to accomplish
2. Leaders with the authority to direct the team toward
the goal
3. Necessary resources (people, equipment, supplies,
and money)
4. Responsibility for achieving the goals assigned
5. Accountability for using the resources established
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 Definition cont..
 With these five ingredients present,
management can also be defined as the
process of coordinating and implementing
these five functions.

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 Management versus administration

 These two words are most often

interchangeably used but they convey a
different meaning:
 Administration is management that is more
often concerned to determine/set broad
policy.
 While management is more concerned to
execute the policy.

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Basis of Distinction Administration Management

Policy and objectives Determination of objectives & policies Implementation of Policies

Main Legislative & determination function Executive Function

Functions

Planning, Organising staffing Directing, Motivating, Coordinating Controlling

Provides a sketch of the enterprise Provides the entire body

Influence Influenced mainly by public opinion & Influenced mainly by administrative function
other outside force

Levels of Management Mainly top level function involves Mainly middle level function involves doing and
thinking & planning acting

Level of Executives Owners/ Board of Directors MD, GM & Managers

Position Acts as a principal Acts as an agency

Knowledge Requires more admin ability than Requires more technical ability than admin ability
technical ability

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 Why study management?

 Professional manager is very important to address

the issues of
service inequality and inequity and
distribute services according to the need and demand of
the community
 Organization must offer better services in order to
attract and retain customers, consumers seek
quality service, and thus managers with education
and experience are important to facilitate
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 Why study mgt? cont...
 Resources are getting scarce and wasted.
Therefore, it sounds to have better sport
services management that deals with resource
management
 sport professionals often find themselves in
managerial positions without proper
orientation and training.

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 Why study mgt? cont...
 We all are affected by good and bad
management practices.
 Excellent management is known to bring
development, makes human efforts more
productive and yield better product to the
society
 Good management bring order by combining
isolated events and disjointed information into
meaningful relationship which solve problems
and accomplish goals 31
 Why study mgt? cont...
 Provides abundant job opportunities for those
who specialize on the management

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 History of management

 Management is so old and universal.

 Management has been applied since the
beginning of civilization and community living
together; not an invention of 20th century.
 The popularity of management today stems
from emerging technologic, social, and
cultural needs

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 History of mgt cont..
 Drucker’s opinion is that “the best managers
in history were those responsible for building
the pyramids of Egypt.” They knew
management but unfortunately didn’t share
their information.
 Throughout the history of world, evidence
exists that management was practiced.

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 History of mgt cont..
 Modern management evolved during the
Industrial Revolution of the mid 18th century in
association with the factories in Great Britain.
 One hundred years later, America used steam
power to fuel the demand for transportation
and products as people moved west.

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 History of mgt cont..
 sport service management course for diploma
and first degree sport professional is a very
recent in introduction in the Ethiopian
curricula; and more recent to be included in
the graduate programs.
 sport laboratory management course is a
more recent inclusion in the laboratory
professionals curricula and started as one of
the tracks at graduate level training in Ethiopia
(AAU) since 2008. 36
 Concepts of management

 Profits, customer satisfaction (which includes

employees), image and reputation,
recognition, sense of fulfillment, and
competition are all factors that drive
managers to read, study, and change work
processes.
 Management is variously defined as a
science, a profession and an art. It
encompasses the strong elements of each.
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 Concepts of mgt cont…

Management as a science
 There are precise elements, scientific and
exact aspects that have to be learned and
assimilated.
 Any manager must have both a good grasp of
certain quantitative methods and an
understanding of financial and statistical data.

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 Management as a science cont..

 Managers must also understand certain, less

scientific, but well tried and tested elements,
such as human motivations, and the effect of
different payment systems on the
performance of different occupations.
 Scientific management represents the first
orderly efforts to examine the functioning of
complex organizations.

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 Management as a science cont..
 The idea was to apply the scientific method of
cause-and-effect analysis, used in the study of
natural phenomena, to the examination of
business enterprises.

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 Management as a science cont…
 Frederick Taylor (1856-1915), often called the
father of scientific management, broke down
each task into segments that could be
analyzed for ways to improve efficiency.
 Many of the principles and concepts proposed
by modern theorists can be traced to Taylor.

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 Management as a profession
 Management is a profession that requires
certain knowledge, skills and attitudes to be
assimilated and understood by those who
aspire to be effective managers
 The arrival of professional managers
employed to "manage" someone else's
business, however, is largely a phenomenon of
the last century.

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 Mgt as a profession cont..
 Management's ascendancy as a profession has
paralleled the Industrial Revolution, when
specific knowledge in operating an enterprise
became increasingly crucial to the success of a
business endeavor.

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 Mgt as a profession cont..
 Organizing the work flow, requisitioning
supplies, accounting for the financial
resources, selling products, and assuring
delivery to the customer all required
increasing specialization and commitment as
the economy and means of production
increased in sophistication.

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 Summary
 Management is so old and universal.
 Has no single and universally accepted
definition.
 Management can be defined as the process of
planning, organizing, staffing, leading and/or
directing, and controlling the efforts of
organizational members and of using all
available organizational resources to achieve
stated organizational goals (Menson, Albert).
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 Summary cont…
 Mission , authority, resources, responsibility,
and accountability are the 5 ingredients for
successful management.
 Administration is management that is more
often concerned to determine/set broad
policy; but management is more concerned to
execute the policy.

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 Summary cont…
 Good management bring order by combining
isolated events and disjointed information into
meaningful relationship which solve problems
and accomplish goals
 Management is variously defined as a science,
a profession and an art. It encompasses the
strong elements of each.

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Any last questions?

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