Additional Mathematics Simultaneous Equations: Chapter 2 (Page 30)
Additional Mathematics Simultaneous Equations: Chapter 2 (Page 30)
Additional Mathematics Simultaneous Equations: Chapter 2 (Page 30)
Simultaneous Equations
• Simply 2 equations
– With 2 unknowns
– Usually x and y
• To “SOLVE the equations” means we find values
of x and y that
– Satisfy BOTH equations
– At same time [simultaneously]
Elimination Method
x =2
2x2–y=1 Substitute x = 2 in equation A
4–y=1 Answer
y=3 x = 2, y = 3
Elimination Method
x =3
5 x 3 + y = 17 Substitute x = 3 in equation A
15 + y = 17 Answer
y=2 x = 3, y = 2
Elimination Method
y =1
2x + 3 = 9 Substitute y = 1 in equation A
2x = 6 Answer
x=3 x = 3, y = 1
Elimination Method
x =5
20 – 3y = 14 Substitute x = 5 in equation A
3y = 6 Answer
y=2 x = 5, y = 2
Basic steps (If needed)
• Look at equations
• Same number of x’s or y’s?
• If the sign is different, ADD the equations
otherwise subtract tem
• Then have ONE equation
• Solve this
• Substitute answer to get the other
• CHECK by substitution of BOTH answers
What if NOT same number of x’s or y’s?
A 3x + y = 10 If we multiply A by 2 we
get 2y in each
B 5x + 2y = 17
A6x + 2y = 20
B 5x + 2y = 17
- x =3
In B 5 x 3 + 2y = 17
15 + 2y = 17 Answer
x = 3, y = 1
y=1
What if NOT same number of x’s or y’s?
A 4x - 2y = 8
If we multiply A by 3 we
B 3x + 6y = 21 get 6y in each
A 12x - 6y = 24
B 3x + 6y = 21
+ 15x = 45
x=3
Subs in B, 3 x 3 + 6y = 21
Answer
6y = 12
x = 3, y = 2
y=2
…if multiplying 1 equation doesn’t help?
A 3x + 7y = 26
Multiply A by 5 & B by 3,
B 5x + 2y = 24 we get 15x in each
A 15x + 35y = 130
B 15x + 6y = 72
- 29y = 58
Could multiply A by 2 & B
by 7 to get 14y in each
y=2
In B 5x + 2 x 2 = 24 Answer
5x = 20 x = 4, y = 2
x=4
…if multiplying 1 equation doesn’t help?
A 3x - 2y = 7
Multiply A by 3 & B by 2,
B 5x + 3y = 37 we get +6y & -6y
A 9x – 6y = 21
B 10x + 6y = 74
+ 19x = 95
Could multiply A by 5 & B
by 3 to get 15x in each
x=5
In B 5 x 5 + 3y = 37 Answer
3y = 12 x = 5, y = 4
y=4
Simultaneous linear and quadratic
equations
When one of the equations in a pair of simultaneous equations is
quadratic, we often end up with two pairs of solutions. For example,
y = x2 + 1 1
y=x+3 2
We have to collect all the terms onto the left-hand side to give a quadratic equation
of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0.
x2 – x – 2 = 0
factorize: (x + 1)(x – 2) = 0
x = –1 or x=2
Simultaneous linear and quadratic
equations
We can substitute these values of x into one of the equations
y = x2 + 1 1
y=x+3 2
to find the corresponding values of y.
y = –1 + 3 y=2+3
y=2 y=5
y=x+3 6
using a graph.
4 (2, 5)
y=x+1 1
x2 + y2 = 13 2
The graph of x2 + y2 = 13 is a circular graph with its centre at the origin and a
radius of √13.
We can also plot the graphs of the equations and observe where they
intersect.
Simultaneous linear and quadratic
equations
y=x+1 1
x2 + y2 = 13 2
simplify: 2x2 + 2x + 1 = 13
divide through by 2: x2 + x – 6 = 0
factorize: (x + 3)(x – 2) = 0
x = –3 or x=2
Simultaneous linear and quadratic
equations
We can substitute these values of x into one of the equations
y=x+1 1
x2 + y2 = 13 2
to find the corresponding values of y.
y = –3 + 1 y=2+1
y = –2 y=3
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