Normal Curve - Final

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THE

NORMAL
CURVE:
AN INTRODUCT
ION
WHAT
EXACTLY IS
NORMAL
CURVE?
CONSIDER THE
FOLLOWING
SITUATION
SITUATION #1

Robert Wadlow was the tallest


accurately recorded man in the USA
with a height of 8 feet and 11.1 inches.

If you were an architect and you


had to design doorways in a
building, would you make them all
9 feet tall? If not, then by how tall?
Height of People
relatively
many

relatively relatively
few few

short average tall


Sample histogram for heights when
classified to three classifications
relatively
many

relatively 5.2ft to
relatively
few 5.6ft 5.6ft to
4.8ft to
6.0ft few
5.2ft
4.4ft to 6.0ft to
< 4.4ft 4.8ft 6.4ft
> 6.4ft
short average tall

Sample histogram for heights when


classified to more classifications
Sample histogram
for heights when
classified to more
classifications
Normal Probability Distribution

Definition:

Is a data distribution
where the mean,
median and mode are
equal and the
distribution is clustered
at the center.
PROPERTIES:

Property 1

The normal
distribution
curve is
bell-shaped.
Property 2
2
(𝑋 − 𝜇)

1 2𝜎
2

𝑃 ( 𝑥 )= 𝑒
𝜎 √2 𝜋
The tails are
asymptotic
relative to the
horizontal line.

THE NORMAL CURVE


Property 3
2
(𝑋 − 𝜇)

1 2𝜎
2

𝑃 ( 𝑥 )= 𝑒
𝜎 √2 𝜋

The curve is
continuous.

THE NORMAL CURVE


2
(𝑋 − 𝜇)

Property 4 𝑃 ( 𝑥 )=
1
𝑒 2𝜎
2

𝜎 √2 𝜋
2
∞ ∞ ( 𝑋 − 𝜇)
The total area 1 −
∫ 𝑃 ( 𝑥 )= ∫
2
2𝜎
under the 𝑒
−∞ −∞ 𝜎 √2 𝜋
normal curve is
1.

Area: 1 =1
Probability: 100%

THE NORMAL CURVE


Property 5 Property 6

The mean, ~ ^
𝜇= 𝑥= 𝑥 It is symmetrical
median and
about the mean.
mode are equal.

THE NORMAL CURVE


SITUATION #2

Consider the following data on the


lengths of 200 frogs in
millimeters. Observe the values of
the mean, median and mode.

Is the distribution normal?


TRANSFORMATION OF
A NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
Mode = 91
Question #1
What transformation will the normal
distribution undergo?

STANDARD NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
Standard Normal Distribution
(Standard Score or z-score)
• is the equivalent value of a raw score expressed in
terms of mean () and standard deviation ) of the
distribution. It measure the distance of any particular
raw score (x) from the mean in standard deviation
units.
• MEAN IS ZERO (O)
• STANDARD DEVIATION IS ONE (1)
STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

Sign – tells the location of


raw score right or left
FIND THE AREA OF THE FOLLOWING Z-SCORE

1. z = 2.47
2. z = -1.25
3. z = 0.58
4. z = -2.47
5. z = 0. 96
Question #2
Why there’s a need for a normal
distribution be transformed into a
standard normal distribution?
• All normal distributed variables can be transformed into
standard normally distributed variable by using the formula
for the standard score:

• or z=

where x = raw score/value


µ = mean
σ = standard deviation
• Given = 62 and = 8. Find the z-score value that corresponds to each of the
following score up to two decimal places:
• 1. x = 70
• 2. x = 78
• 3. x = 82
• 4. x = 50
• 5. x = 42

A. x = 50 , = 40, = 5
B. x = 40, = 52, = 8
C. x = 36 , = 28, = 6
D. x = 74, = 60, = 10
E. x = 82, = 75, = 15
Question #3
How do we use the standard normal
distribution in solving problems on
normal distribution?
STANDARD SCORE
AND AREA UNDER THE
NORMAL CURVE
Finding Areas under the Standard Normal Curve
• P [z = a] = 0, where a is any constant.
• P [0 ≤ z ≤ a] = P[–a ≤ z ≤ 0] can be obtained directly from the table
of areas under the normal curve.
• P [z ≤ a] =0.5 + P[0 ≤ z ≤ a]
• P [z ≤ –a] = 0.5 – P[0 ≤ z ≤ a]
• P [z ≥ a] = 0.5 - P[0 ≤ z ≤ a]
• P [z ≥ –a] = 0.5 + P[0 ≤ z ≤ a]
• P [a1 ≤ z ≤ a2] = P[0 ≤ z ≤ a2] – P[0 ≤ z ≤ a1]
• P [-–≤ z ≤ –a2] = P[a2 ≤ z ≤ a1] = P[0 ≤ z ≤ a1] – P[0 ≤ z ≤ a2]
• P [–a1 ≤ z ≤ a2] = P[0 ≤ z ≤ a1] + P[0 ≤ z ≤ a2]
Example

Find the area under the standard


normal curve at the right of z=0.58.

or Find P(z ≥ 0.58).


TABLE OF The AREA at the
VALUES RIGHT of Z-VALUE

To the right
of z = 0.58

Therefore, P(z ≥ 0.58) = 0.2810


or 28.10% of the total area.
The AREA between
To the right the MEAN (0) and
of z = 0.58 the Z-VALUE.

Therefore, P(0 ≤ z ≤ 0.58) = 0.2190.


To the right The AREA to the LEFT of
of z = 0.58 the z-value.

Therefore, P(z ≤ 0.58) = 0.7190.


GENERALIZATIONS:
• P(Z ≥ z) = 1 – P(Z ≤ z)
• P(Z ≥ z) = 0.5000 – P(0 ≤ Z ≤ z)
Problem 1

Find the area under the standard


normal curve between 0 and 1.96.
Problem 2

For a continuous random variable that


has a normal distribution with mean
of 20 and a standard deviation of 4,
find the area curve from x = 20 and x
= 27.
Problem 3
Eggs laid by a particular chicken are
known to have lengths normally
distributed with mean 6 cm and
standard deviation of 1.4 cm, what is
the probability of finding an egg bigger
than 8 cm in length?
Problem 4
Note: means the random variable follows a normal
distribution with mean μ and standard deviation σ.

The maximum flow of a river in Africa during the


rainy season was recorded over a number of years
and found to be distributed cubic meter per second.
For the banks to burst a flow of 8700 cubic meter
per second is required. What is probability of this
happening in a particular year?
Problem 6
Find P(z ≥ –1.28).

Problem 7
X ~ N(4,9). Find P(X < 5).
HOMEWORK Illustrate and perform as indicated.
1. Find P(-0.65≤z ≤1.82).
2. X ~ N(8,25). Find P(X <3 or
X>13).
3. The average weekly income of 2,000
workers is Php151.00 with a standard
deviation of Php15.00. Assuming that the
weekly income is normally distributed, find
the number of workers who earn less than
or equal to P127.50 per week.
CHALLENGE ITEM
Robert Wadlow was the tallest
accurately recorded man in the USA
with a height of 8 feet and 11.1 inches.

If you were an architect and you


had to design doorways in a
building, would you make them all
9 feet tall? If not, then by how tall?

Given average height 167.3 cm and


standard deviation 9.1 cm.
EXIT CARD Answer in one sentence.

Give your opinion on this:


Statistics claimed that
MOST distributions are
normal distributions.

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