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    Introduction To Colossal Magneto Resistance

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    James Lourembam
    James Lourembam's document outlines his research on magnetoresistance effects, specifically colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) in manganite materials. It first provides an overview of different types of magnetoresistance effects and the structures of CMR materials. It then discusses some of the main theories attempting to explain CMR, including double exchange mechanisms, Jahn-Teller distortions and charge ordering, and phase separation. Finally, it discusses potential applications of CMR materials and future research directions, such as discovering materials that exhibit CMR at room temperature and low magnetic fields.

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    Introduction To Colossal Magneto Resistance

    Uploaded by

    James Lourembam
    235 views25 pages
    James Lourembam's document outlines his research on magnetoresistance effects, specifically colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) in manganite materials. It first provides an overview of different types of magnetoresistance effects and the structures of CMR materials. It then discusses some of the main theories attempting to explain CMR, including double exchange mechanisms, Jahn-Teller distortions and charge ordering, and phase separation. Finally, it discusses potential applications of CMR materials and future research directions, such as discovering materials that exhibit CMR at room temperature and low magnetic fields.

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    Introduction to Colossal Magneto Resistance

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    James Lourembam's document outlines his research on magnetoresistance effects, specifically colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) in manganite materials. It first provides an overview of different types of magnetoresistance effects and the structures of CMR materials. It then discusses some of the main theories attempting to explain CMR, including double exchange mechanisms, Jahn-Teller distortions and charge ordering, and phase separation. Finally, it discusses potential applications of CMR materials and future research directions, such as discovering materials that exhibit CMR at room temperature and low magnetic fields.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    235 views25 pages

    Introduction To Colossal Magneto Resistance

    Uploaded by

    James Lourembam
    James Lourembam's document outlines his research on magnetoresistance effects, specifically colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) in manganite materials. It first provides an overview of different types of magnetoresistance effects and the structures of CMR materials. It then discusses some of the main theories attempting to explain CMR, including double exchange mechanisms, Jahn-Teller distortions and charge ordering, and phase separation. Finally, it discusses potential applications of CMR materials and future research directions, such as discovering materials that exhibit CMR at room temperature and low magnetic fields.

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    The key takeaways are that there are different types of magnetoresistance effects such as ordinary magnetoresistance, anisotropic magnetoresistance and giant magnetoresistance. Colossal magnetoresistance is seen in manganese-based perovskite oxides and there are several theories proposed to explain it such as double exchange mechanism, Jahn-Teller distortion and phase separation.

    The different types of magnetoresistance effects discussed are ordinary magnetoresistance, anisotropic magnetoresistance and giant magnetoresistance.

    Materials that exhibit colossal magnetoresistance are manganese-based perovskite oxides of the form RE1-xMxMnO3, where RE is a rare earth element and M is a divalent element such as calcium, strontium or barium.

    JAMES LOUREMBAM

    Engineering Physics , Class of 2010

    OUTLINE

    Overview of Magnetoresistance effects Structure of CMR materials Theory of CMR manganites Future Scope

    Overview of Magnetoresistance effects

    Ordinary magnetoresistance (OMR)

    Magnetoresistance is the relative change in the electrical resistance or resistivity of a material produced on the application of a magnetic field MR= [D r/r(o)] = [r(H)-r(o)]/r(o) Magnetic induction affects orbits of electrons at Fermi surface. In clean metals, OMR typically ~ B2, and can be ~ 10% at 10 Tesla

    Anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR)

    Pointed out experimentally as early as 1930s (though really solidly confirmed in 1960s) that FM material measured resistance depends on relative directions of M and J. Physical origin: spin-orbit coupling leads to spin-dependent scattering of conduction electrons. Typical size of effect: ~ 1%. Weak temperature dependence

    Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR)

    Discovered in laboratory c. 1988. Typical size of effect: ~ 100%. The basic effect depends on the alignment of electron spins at the interface of different kinds of magnetic materials Not a trait of pure FM materials! Superlattice of very thin alternating layers of FM and N metals. Effect gets larger at lower T and for cleaner metal layers as other scattering contributions are reduced.

    GMR (contd.)

    Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR)

    Discovered in 1993. Takes place in specific family of compounds, perovskites of the form A1-xBxMnO3, where A = (La, Pr, Nd, Sm), B = (Ca, Sr, Ba). Physical mechanism is completely different than any described so far. Size of effect: ~ 100000% (!) Extremely temperature and doping dependent - challenging to get useful, reproducible behavior at room temperature.

    CMR (contd.)

    Mechanism: phase transition between conductive FM ordering of Mn ions and insulating AFM ordering of Mn ions. Still not well understood!

    Superexchange interaction Perovskite Metal- insulator transition

    Jan-Teller distortion

    CMR

    Phase separation

    Structure of CMR materials

    Perovskite Manganites

    Colossal Magnetoresistance is predominantly discovered in manganese-based perovskite oxides. The structure of the RE1xMxMnO3 oxides is close to that of the cubic perovskite The large sized RE trivalent ions and M divalent ions occupy the A-site with 12-fold oxygen coordination. The smaller Mn ions in the mixedvalence state Mn3+Mn4+ are located at the centre of an oxygen octahedron, the B-site with 6-fold coordination. The proportions of Mn ions in the valence states 3+ and 4+ are respectively,

    Perovskite Manganites(contd.)

    Theory of CMR manganites

    Main features of CMR

    Possess large room-temperature magnetoresistivity complemented by a unique type of metal- insulator transition Also associated with a paramagnetic ferromagnetic phase transition.

    Theories

    DE mechanism Jahn Teller distortion and CO Phase seperation

    DE mechanism

    Mn-O-Mn interaction controlled by overlap between Mn d-orbital and O p-orbitals. Interesting case Mn+3-O-Mn+4 Exchange of valency jump of eg electron of Mn+3 on the O p-orbital and from O p-orbital to the empty eg orbital of Mn+4 ensure strong Ferromagnetic interaction, as well as conductivity The shortcomings of this theory was that it was not able to explain the insulator transition or the AFM phase. Also, the experimentally observed resistivity values were higher than the theoretically calculated values

    Jahn Teller distortion and CO

    Jahn-Teller effect: A distortion of a highly symmetrical molecule, which reduces its symmetry and lowers its energy This leads to a strong e-ph coupling manifesting CO state The resultant localization of charges is associated with insulating and antiferromagnetic behavior

    Jahn Teller distortion and CO (contd.)

    Therefore a competition arises between ferromagnetic, metallic behavior and cooperative Jahn-Teller effect with chargeordering. However even after combining these two theories the theoretically calculated transition temperature were found to be much larger than the experimental values

    Phase seperation

    Both AFMI and FMM phases exist in CMR materials The AFMI phase dominates in higher temperatures and the FMM dominates in lower temperatures Supported by STM , transport and magnetic property studies, neutron diffraction studies.

    Future Scope

    Applications and promise

    Discovery of huge magnetoresistance effects in the manganese oxide class of materials has rekindled intense interest in these systems CMR offers potential in a number of technologies, such as for read/write heads in magnetic recording media, sensors, and spinpolarized electronics.

    Applications and promise (contd.)

    CMR materials are interesting from a fundamental viewpoint. In contrast to traditional ferromagnets such as Fe, Co and Ni where the spin system is isolated from the lattice, in the manganites the charge, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom are strongly coupled together, leading to a delicate balance of interactions that gives rise to a rich variety of physical phenomena of current interest in condensed matter science. The scientific challenge lies in discovering materials that manifest CMR at room temperatures and at low magnetic fields

    THANK YOU

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