Safety Measures
Safety Measures
Safety Measures
VN.P.N.S.AMRUTH;
V 301 A – VASAVI CLUB SHANTHINIKETHAN
SAFETY
ꚛ PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE.
ꚛ ONE EARNEST WORKER CAN DO MORE BY PERSONAL SUGGESTION TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS THAN A CARLOAD OF SAFETY SIGNS.
ꚛ SAFETY SAVES SICKNESS, SUFFERING, SADNESS.
ꚛ EVERY ACCIDENT IS A NOTICE THAT SOMETHING IS WRONG WITH MEN, METHODS, OR MATERIAL — INVESTIGATE — THEN ACT.
ꚛ SAFETY BRINGS FIRST AID TO THE UNINJURED.
ꚛ YOU DON’T NEED TO KNOW THE WHOLE ALPHABET OF SAFETY. THE A, B, C OF IT WILL SAVE YOU IF YOU FOLLOW IT: ALWAYS BE
CAREFUL.
ꚛ CAREFULNESS COSTS YOU NOTHING. CARELESSNESS MAY COST YOU YOUR LIFE.
ꚛ FOR SAFETY IS NOT A GADGET BUT A STATE OF MIND.
ꚛ AN INCIDENT IS JUST THE TIP OF THE ICEBERG, A SIGN OF A MUCH LARGER PROBLEM BELOW THE SURFACE.
ꚛ PREPARE AND PREVENT, DON’T REPAIR AND REPENT.
ꚛ SHORTCUTS CUT LIFE SHORT.
ꚛ LUCK RUNS OUT BUT SAFETY IS GOOD FOR LIFE.
ꚛ SAFETY ISN’T EXPENSIVE, IT’S PRICELESS.
ꚛ BE CAUTIONS LIFE IS PRECIOUS.
ꚛ SAFETY IS LIKE A LOCK, BUT YOU ARE THE KEY – SAFETY FIRST.
ꚛ SAFETY WORKS…….WHEN PEOPLE WORK TOGETHER.
ꚛ IF SAFETY IS A JOKE, THEN DEATH IS THE PUNCHLINE
ꚛ SAFETY IS GAINFULL; ACCIDENT IS PAINFULL.
ꚛ SAFETY ABC – ALWAYS BE CAREFUL
FIRST AID BURNS
MEDICAL DEFINITION OF BURN. BURN: DAMAGE TO THE SKIN OR OTHER BODY PARTS CAUSED BY EXTREME HEAT,
FLAME, CONTACT WITH HEATED OBJECTS, OR CHEMICALS. ... TREATMENT OPTIONS RANGE FROM SIMPLY APPLYING
A COLD PACK TO EMERGENCY TREATMENT TO SKIN GRAFTS. BURN DEPTH IS GENERALLY CATEGORIZED AS FIRST,
SECOND, OR THIRD DEGREE. THE TREATMENT OF BURNS DEPENDS ON THE DEPTH, AREA, AND LOCATION OF THE
BURN, AS WELL AS ADDITIONAL FACTORS, SUCH AS MATERIAL THAT MAY BE BURNED ONTO OR INTO THE SKIN.
SCALD BURNS FROM HOT WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS ARE THE MOST COMMON BURNS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD.
BECAUSE BURNS RANGE FROM MILD TO LIFE THREATENING, SOME CAN BE TREATED AT HOME, WHILE OTHERS
NEED EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE.
TYPES OF FIRST AID BURNS ARE:
1. FIRE BURNS.
2. CHEMICAL BURNS.
3. ELECTRICAL BURNS / THERMAL BURNS.
4. SUNBURNS
5. FIRST DEGREE BURNS.
6. SECOND DEGREE BURNS.
7. THIRD DEGREE BURNS.
8. MILD BURNS.
FIRE BURNS
EMERGENCY ALERT!
It is important to cool the burn for at least 20 minutes to stop damage to the tissue under
the skin.
CHEMICAL BURNS
Like the stuffs that used to clean ovens and drains
1 Use a cloth or brush to brush off any chemicals on the skin. (Do not use your bare hands).
2 Wash the burned area with lots of cold water.
3 GET HELP.
CHEMICAL BURNS ARE CAUSED BY REACTIONS BETWEEN YOUR SKIN AND ACIDS OR BASES. ACIDS ARE MOST COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH BURNS, BUT
BASES CAN BE MORE DANGEROUS BECAUSE THEY WILL BURN YOU WITHOUT YOU EVEN FEELING IT. THIS IS BECAUSE ACIDS WORK BY RIPPING APART PIECES
OF YOUR CELLS, WHILE BASES TURN YOUR FAT CELLS INTO SOAP AND DISSOLVE THEM AWAY. WHEN ACIDS AND BASES GET ON YOUR SKIN MAKE SURE YOU
FLUSH THEM WITH A LOT OF WATER.
1. IT IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT TO WEAR NITRILE GLOVES WHEN DEALING WITH CHEMICAL BURNS TO ENSURE THAT YOU DO NOT
CONTAMINATE YOURSELF.
2. TRY TO CLEAN OFF AS MUCH OF THE CHEMICAL AS POSSIBLE BEFORE FLUSHING WITH WATER. REMOVE ANY CONTAMINATED CLOTHING OR
JEWELLERY FROM THE PATIENT. THIS WILL MINIMIZE ANY REACTION THAT THE WATER HAS WITH THE CHEMICAL.
3. FLUSH ANY BURNS WITH WATER FOR AT LEAST 20 MINUTES.
4. COVER THE BURN WITH A STERILE BANDAGE.
5. IF POSSIBLE, BRING THE CHEMICAL’S CONTAINER WITH YOU TO THE HOSPITAL; IF NOT POSSIBLE, WRITE DOWN THE NAME.
6. KEEP THE PATIENT WARM ON THE WAY TO THE HOSPITAL BECAUSE BURNS CAUSE THE BODY TO LOSE HEAT QUICKLY, RESULTING IN
HYPOTHERMIA.
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR EYES:
7. IF CHEMICAL BURNS ARE IN ONE EYE, DO NOT LET THE FLUSH WATER FROM THE CONTAMINATED EYE DRIP INTO THE UNCONTAMINATED
EYE.
8. EVEN IF ONLY 1 EYE IS CONTAMINATED, COVER BOTH EYES WITH A BANDAGE. OUR EYES DO NOT MOVE INDEPENDENTLY, SO LOOKING
Acids with Special Considerations:
1.Carbolic Acid or Phenol: If acid is on skin, clean with alcohol before flushing with water. If acid is in eye,
flush with extra water instead of alcohol.
2.Sulfuric Acid: Flush with soapy water to help remove the acid. Sulfuric acid heats up when it reacts with
water, so use extra water. Sulfuric acid is found in lead-acid batteries
3.Hydrofluoric Acid: If acid is on skin, flush with sodium bicarbonate(baking soda) solution, then flush
with large amounts of water. If acid is in eye, flush with extra water instead of baking soda
4.Metal Compounds: Cover with mineral oil[3]
ELECTRICAL & THERMAL BURNS
THERMAL BURNS CAN BE CAUSED BY FIRE, HOT METAL, FOOD, LIQUIDS, ETC. ELECTRICAL BURNS CAN BE CAUSED BY
ELECTRICAL WIRES, LIGHTNING, AND OTHER SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY. BOTH TYPES OF BURNS ARE TREATED THE SAME.
1. PLACE THE PATIENT IN A POSITION OF COMFORT. IF THERE IS A POTENTIAL SPINAL INJURY DO NOT DO THIS.
2. IF THE PATIENT WAS BURNED BY FIRE; HAS THROAT BURNS; IS FOUND IN A CONFINED SPACE; OR WAS BURNED BY
SUPERHEATED GASES, ADMINISTER SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN.
3. REMOVE ANY CONSTRICTING ITEMS LIKE RINGS OR BRACELETS. ALSO REMOVE ANY SMOULDERING CLOTHING THAT IS NOT
STUCK TO THE PATIENT. A. DO NOT DELAY TRANSPORTATION TO THE HOSPITAL TO REMOVE THESE ITEMS.
4. CHECK FOR HYPOPERFUSION (SHOCK). DO NOT TOUCH THE PERSON UNTIL YOU KNOW THE POWER IS OFF.
5. TURN OFF THE POWER USING A WOODEN SPOON OR BROOM HANDLE. IF YOUR HOUSE HAS A SPECIAL SAFETY SWITCH THEN
IT WILL HAVE ALREADY SWITCHED OFF THE POWER, BUT STILL USE SOMETHING THAT IS WOODEN TO TURN THE POWER OFF
AT THE PLUG.
6. WASH THE BURNED AREA WITH LOTS OF COLD WATER.
7. DETERMINE THE BURN THICKNESS AND PERCENTAGE OF BODY SURFACE AREA. 1ST AND 2ND DEGREE BURNS ARE PARTIAL
THICKNESS WHILE 3RD DEGREE BURNS ARE FULL THICKNESS. PERCENTAGE OF BODY SURFACE AREA CAN BE DETERMINED BY
THE RULE OF NINES.
8. IF THE BURNS ARE PARTIAL THICKNESS AND COVERING 10% OR LESS OF THE BODY, WRAP THEM IN A MOIST STERILE
BANDAGE.
9. IF THE BURNS ARE FULL THICKNESS OR COVERING MORE THAN 10% OF THE BODY, WRAP THEM IN A DRY STERILE BANDAGE.
10. KEEP THE PATIENT WARM. BURN VICTIMS LOSE HEAT RAPIDLY AND CAN BECOME HYPOTHERMIC.
SUN BURNS
1. DO NOT TOUCH THE PERSON UNTIL YOU KNOW THE POWER IS OFF.
2. TURN OFF THE POWER USING A WOODEN SPOON OR BROOM HANDLE. IF YOUR HOUSE HAS A SPECIAL SAFETY SWITCH THEN IT WILL HAVE
ALREADY SWITCHED OFF THE POWER, BUT STILL USE SOMETHING THAT IS WOODEN TO TURN THE POWER OFF AT THE PLUG.
3. WASH THE BURNED AREA WITH LOTS OF COLD WATER.
4. SLIP ON SUN PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, SLOP ON THE SUNSCREEN, SLAP ON A HAT.
5. SEEK SHADE, AND SLIDE ON SUNGLASSES THAT WILL PROTECT YOUR EYES FROM THE DAMAGE THAT SUNLIGHT CAN CAUSE.
6. IN SUMMER IT IS ALSO A GOOD IDEA TO WEAR SOMETHING ON YOUR FEET, AS THE SOLES OF YOUR FEET CAN BECOME BURNT FROM
WALKING ON HOT GROUND.
7. IF YOU FORGET TO SLIP, SLOP , SLAP, SEEK AND SLIDE, YOU ARE LIKELY TO GET SUNBURNT.
8. THIS CAN BE A VERY PAINFUL EXPERIENCE AND IS LIKE A BURN FROM FIRE.
9. YOUR SKIN MAY BE RED, AND IF THE SUNBURN IS BAD, YOU MAY GET BLISTERS. AS THE SUNBURNT SKIN HEALS, YOUR SKIN WILL PEEL AND
THIS CAN BE VERY ITCHY.
What you can do for sunburn
•Cool down by having a cool bath or use wet cloths to cool you down if it is only in one spot.
•Use soothing lotion - choose one which is especially for sunburn.
•Don't use soap, as this could irritate your poor burnt skin.
•Stay cool and rest.
•If your skin comes up in watery blisters, you should see a doctor.
Next time remember slip, slop, slap, seek and slide.
I guess you won't really need reminding though, as sunburn can be pretty painful.
The sun can burn the top layer of your skin and too much sun can damage even the lower layers.
What causes the damage?
Ultraviolet (say ul-tra-vy-o-let) radiation (UV) is the part of sunlight that causes damage to your skin.
There are 3 types of these rays, UVA, UVB and UVC.
• UVB rays are the main cause of sunburn, suntan and skin damage.
• UVA can also damage your skin.
Together they can cause sunburn, make skin look older and leathery looking, as well as cause more serious
problems like skin cancer.
FIRST-DEGREE BURN
FIRST-DEGREE BURNS CAUSE MINIMAL SKIN DAMAGE. THEY ARE ALSO CALLED “SUPERFICIAL BURNS” BECAUSE THEY AFFECT
THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF SKIN. SIGNS OF A FIRST-DEGREE BURN INCLUDE:
1. REDNESS
2. MINOR INFLAMMATION, OR SWELLING
3. PAIN
4. DRY, PEELING SKIN OCCURS AS THE BURN HEALS
SINCE THIS BURN AFFECTS THE TOP LAYER OF SKIN, THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS DISAPPEAR ONCE THE SKIN CELLS SHED. FIRST-
DEGREE BURNS USUALLY HEAL WITHIN 7 TO 10 DAYS WITHOUT SCARRING.
YOU SHOULD STILL SEE YOUR DOCTOR IF THE BURN AFFECTS A LARGE AREA OF SKIN, MORE THAN THREE INCHES, AND IF IT’S
ON YOUR FACE OR A MAJOR JOINT, WHICH INCLUDE:
5. KNEE
6. ANKLE
7. FOOT
8. SPINE
9. SHOULDER
10. ELBOW
FIRST-DEGREE BURN
THEY ARE SMALL BURNS IN THE OUTER LAYER OF THE SKIN WHICH CAUSE REDNESS IN THE SKIN, SWELLING AND PAIN
AND NO BLISTERS. MINOR BURNS USUALLY HEAL WITH FURTHER TREATMENT. FIRST-DEGREE BURNS ARE USUALLY
TREATED WITH HOME CARE. HEALING TIME MAY BE QUICKER THE SOONER YOU TREAT THE BURN. TREATMENTS FOR A
FIRST-DEGREE BURN INCLUDE:
1. MOVE PATIENT FROM THE DANGEROUS HEAT SOURCE.
2. TAKE OFF ANY BURNT CLOTHING.
3. RUN COOL WATER OVER BURNT AREA UNTIL PAIN SUBSIDES. AVOID USING ICE ON THE BURNED AREA. GENTLY DRY.
4. USE STERILE GAUZE BANDAGE TO COVER BURNS. MAKE SURE IT IS LOOSE TO PROTECT THE BLISTERED SKIN AND KEEP
AIR OFF THE WOUND TO REDUCE PAIN. IF PAIN INCREASES, REDNESS, FEVER, SWELLING, OOZING THEN VISIT THE
DOCTOR.
5. SOAKING THE WOUND IN COOL WATER FOR FIVE MINUTES OR LONGER
6. TAKING ACETAMINOPHEN OR IBUPROFEN FOR PAIN RELIEF. NEVER GIVE ASPIRIN TO CHILDREN OR TEENAGERS.
7. APPLYING LIDOCAINE (AN AESTHETIC) WITH ALOE VERA GEL OR CREAM TO SOOTHE THE SKIN
8. USING AN ANTIBIOTIC OINTMENT AND LOOSE GAUZE TO PROTECT THE AFFECTED AREA.
MAKE SURE YOU DON’T USE ICE, AS THIS MAY MAKE THE DAMAGE WORSE. NEVER APPLY COTTON BALLS TO A BURN
SECOND-DEGREE BURN
THE SKIN IS RED, BLISTERED, SWOLLEN, AND PAINFUL. THE BURN AREA MIGHT ALSO LOOK WET AND SHINY OR BE WHITE/DISCOLOURED IN
AN IRREGULAR PATTERN. THERE IS NO NERVE DAMAGE IN 2ND DEGREE BURNS. SYMPTOMS OF THESE BURNS INCLUDE: SEVERE PAIN,
SWELLING, REDNESS AND BLISTERS. SCARS MIGHT ALSO DEVELOP. IT IS USUALLY TREATED AS A MINOR BURN UNLESS IT IS NO LONGER THAN
7.5 CENTIMETRES. IF THE BURNED AREA IS LARGER OR OVER A MAJOR JOINT IT IS TREATED AS A MAJOR BURN, SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION
IMMEDIATELY. HOSPITALIZATION IS ESSENTIAL EITHER WAY.
DUE TO THE DELICATE NATURE OF THESE WOUNDS, KEEPING THE AREA CLEAN AND BANDAGING IT PROPERLY IS REQUIRED TO PREVENT
INFECTION. THIS ALSO HELPS THE BURN HEAL QUICKER.
SOME SECOND-DEGREE BURNS TAKE LONGER THAN THREE WEEKS TO HEAL, BUT MOST HEAL WITHIN TWO TO THREE WEEKS WITHOUT
SCARRING, BUT OFTEN WITH PIGMENT CHANGES TO THE SKIN.
THE WORSE THE BLISTERS ARE, THE LONGER THE BURN WILL TAKE TO HEAL. IN SOME SEVERE CASES, SKIN GRAFTING IS REQUIRED TO FIX THE
DAMAGE. SKIN GRAFTING TAKES HEALTHY SKIN FROM ANOTHER AREA OF THE BODY AND MOVES IT TO THE SITE OF THE BURNED SKIN.
TREATMENTS FOR A MILD SECOND-DEGREE BURN GENERALLY INCLUDE:
1. RUNNING THE SKIN UNDER COOL WATER FOR 15 MINUTES OR LONGER
2. TAKING OVER-THE-COUNTER PAIN MEDICATION (ACETAMINOPHEN OR IBUPROFEN)
3. APPLYING ANTIBIOTIC CREAM TO BLISTERS
HOWEVER, SEEK EMERGENCY MEDICAL TREATMENT IF THE BURN AFFECTS A WIDESPREAD AREA, SUCH AS ANY OF THE FOLLOWING:
4. FACE
5. HANDS
6. BUTTOCKS
7. GROIN (THY JOINTS)
THIRD-DEGREE BURN
THE SKIN HAS BEEN BURNED ALL THE WAY THROUGH. IT MAY BE DRY AND LEATHERY TO TOUCH AND CHANGE COLOUR TO
BLACK, WHITE, BROWN, OR YELLOW.
THE BURN WILL FEEL NUMB BECAUSE NERVE ENDINGS HAVE BEEN DESTROYED. SKIN WILL NOT REGROW BECAUSE THE
CELLS RESPONSIBLE FOR REGROWTH HAVE BEEN DESTROYED.
HOWEVER, WITH THIS TYPE OF BURN THE DAMAGE IS SO EXTENSIVE THAT THERE MAY NOT BE ANY PAIN BECAUSE OF
NERVE DAMAGE.
DEPENDING ON THE CAUSE, THE SYMPTOMS THIRD-DEGREE BURNS CAN EXHIBIT INCLUDE:
1. WAXY AND WHITE COLOUR
2. CHAR
3. DARK BROWN COLOUR
4. RAISED AND LEATHERY TEXTURE
5. BLISTERS THAT DO NOT DEVELOP
WITHOUT SURGERY, THESE WOUNDS HEAL WITH SEVERE SCARRING AND CONTRACTURE. THERE IS NO SET TIMELINE FOR
COMPLETE SPONTANEOUS HEALING FOR THIRD-DEGREE BURNS.
NEVER ATTEMPT TO SELF-TREAT A THIRD-DEGREE BURN. CALL 911 IMMEDIATELY. WHILE YOU’RE WAITING FOR MEDICAL
TREATMENT, RAISE THE INJURY ABOVE YOUR HEART. DON’T GET UNDRESSED, BUT MAKE SURE NO CLOTHING IS STUCK TO
How to treat third-degree burns?
Move the person away from the heat source and carefully put out any flames on their body.
Call for emergency medical assistance.
Don't remove burnt clothing.
Don't submerge large severe burns in cold water.
If there is no breathing or other sign of circulation, begin CPR. (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation).
Elevate the burned body part or parts. Rise above heart level, when possible.
Cover the burned area with a cool moist sterile bandage, a clean, moist cloth or moist towels.
MILD BURNS
Mild burns are treatable at home, and do not require
transportation to a hospital.
1. Hold the burn under cold water for 15 minutes to
remove the heat and prevent swelling.
2. Smear burn cream liberally over the whole burn area.
B&W Ointment works better than aloe or other burn
creams I’ve tried.
3. Cover the burn with a sterile bandage.
4. Change the bandage 1 - 4 times per day as needed.
SEVERE BURNS
Severe burns require treatment at a hospital
emergency room. If you do nothing else, call an
ambulance or drive them to the hospital yourself.
It’s also important to have a fire escape plan and to practice it with your family once a month. In the event of a fire, make sure to
crawl underneath smoke. This will minimize the risk of passing out and becoming trapped in a fire.
SCHOOL-AGE SAFETY TIPS
While your child no longer needs a parent's watchful eye over every movement, he or she
is still depending on you to provide a safe environment and guidelines for his or her
growing independence.
Protect your school-age child (age 5-12):
1. Continue to follow car safety guidelines appropriate for your child's age and size.
2. Inform your child concerning school bus safety and bicycle safety.
3. Know the safe way to participate in organized sports. Learn how to play it safe.
4. Continue to follow general home safety guidelines.
5. Practice Internet safety.
6. Practice gun safety.
7. Teach your child to swim, and practice water safety.
8. Teach your child fire safety, and make sure the whole family knows what to do in case
of a fire.
9. Make sure your child is aware of "stranger danger" and knows the difference between
"good touch" and "bad touch.“
WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF SAFETY AND PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES FOR
DIFFERENT KINDS OF WEATHER?
Lightning:
•Lightning is an electrical discharge that is created when charged particles in clouds attract other
charged particles within the cloud or the ground. Metals are great conductors of electricity.
Therefore, it is advised that individuals do not touch metal objects when out in a lighting storm.
This is because the electrical current from the lightning could be conducted through the metal
and into the body. This would electrocute the individual who is touching the metal object.
Tornado:
•When inside a building during a tornado, you should move into a location where there are no
windows.
•Protect your head from flying debris.
•If at home, move into the basement.
•If outside during a tornado, move into a trench.
Flash Floods:
•Move to higher ground.
Hurricane:
•Board windows to prevent the glass from breaking.
Snow Storms:
•It is advised that individuals keep shovels, food, water, sand or salt, and blankets in their
vehicles if they have to drive during a snow storm.
THANK YOU ALL