Seam 5 Topic 1 Principles of Ship Handling
Seam 5 Topic 1 Principles of Ship Handling
Seam 5 Topic 1 Principles of Ship Handling
1:Discuss the principles of ship handling and the effects of the following:
Deadweight, Draught, trim, speed, under-keel clearance, turning
circles, stopping distances.
Principles of Ship handling and maneuvering – is an acquired art,
practiced by harbor pilots. Masters and Officers of large ships seldom
have the opportunity or the necessity to handle their ownships in
confined waters. However it is necessary for ship’s officers to gain
knowledge of ship handling as part of their career.©Safety@Sea
.
• Ocean currents play a very important role in ensuring the stability of the ship.
The effect of currents therefore must also be considered when handling ships in
waters.
• 27When the ship is in harbors or inland waters and the current is at constant
strength and direction, the ship’s handling becomes considerably easier. Such
conditions exist only in comparatively narrow channels of the rivers. However,
navigational officers should take into account different current streams that can
exist over a small area, within which the vessel has to maneuver. The main
different between currents and winds is that currents affect the ship in definite
and predictable ways, unlike the wind does. Even in open waters, when the ship
is approaching a rig or a mooring buoy, due allowance should be made fo rthe
effect of the current for a safer maneuver. Current from ship’s ahead will reduce
the ship’s speed over ground, improve ships response to the rudder, and also
give more time to assess and correct developing situations.
.•
Shallow Water Effects on Ships–Ship Squat.
• When a ship proceeds through water, it pushes the water ahead. This
volume of water returns down the sides and under the bottom of the
ship. The streamlines of return flow are speeded up under the ship,
causing adrop in the pressure and resulting in the ship dropping
vertically in the water.When the ship drops vertically in the water, it
trims both forward and aft. This overall decrease in the staticunder
keel clearance, both forward and aft, is called Ship’s Squat.If the ship
moves forward at a greater speed in shallow water, where the keel
clearance is 1.0 to 1.5 metres, then there are high chances of
grounding at the bow or stern due to excessive Squat.
.
• Deadweight tonnage (also known as deadweight; abbreviated
to DWT, D.W.T., d.w.t., or dwt) or tons deadweight (DWT) is a
measure of how much weight a ship can carry. It is the sum of the
weights of cargo, fuel, fresh water, ballast water, provisions,
passengers, and crew.
• DWT is often used to specify a ship's maximum permissible
deadweight (i.e. when it is fully loaded so that its Plimsoll line is at
water level), although it may also denote the actual DWT of a ship not
loaded to capacity.
Stopping Distance
followed by the ship. An idea of distance travelled & time taken can
be achieved by studying following cases:
. TAPOS NA TO
To be submitted on Classroom for each topic.
[1] What new information have I learned from the activities?