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Presentation 05

The document discusses the major elements of frame structures including foundations, columns, beams, slabs, and shear walls. It defines columns and describes their function in transferring loads from upper levels to the foundation. The document also compares short, intermediate, and long columns.

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29 views21 pages

Presentation 05

The document discusses the major elements of frame structures including foundations, columns, beams, slabs, and shear walls. It defines columns and describes their function in transferring loads from upper levels to the foundation. The document also compares short, intermediate, and long columns.

Uploaded by

engsamim.walizada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Frame System, Elements and Details- 01

311-Construction II

Kabul University
Engineering Faculty, Architecture Dep.

Kabul, Afghanistan
Sep, 2011
Major Element of Frame Structure
 Frame Structure is consist of many parts, that together they make
complete Frame structure.

 Main Parts or Elements of Frame Structure:

 1- Foundation
 2- Column
 3- Slab on Grade
 4- Beam or girder
 5- Slab
 6- Stair
 7- Shear wall

 Every element could have different types and shapes based on


Architecture design.

 Minor Parts or Element can be any Architectural element that


considered as non load or main Structure such as louvers, far fits,
and over hangs
Theory of Frame Structure

Dom-ino” House (1914–1915)

Villa Savoye- Le Corbusier


1929-30
How Frame System Work?

 Frame System
Designed as
straight lines
action from
top to bottom
 Forces and
reactions are
considered in
every direction
together with
movements in
all elements
and directions
Major Element of Frame Structure (Column)
Definition

 Frame construction, is a building structure technique based around


structural members, usually called columns which provide a stable frame
to which interior and exterior walls coverings are attached, and covered
by a roof or slab comprising horizontal ceiling or sloping rafters.

 Any shape, any size, any element with any finishing or texture.

 Live Load: any loads that move around the structure, such as human,
and other temporary load.
 Dead Load: All loads that, part of structure and stay as permanent on
structure.

 Basically, column’s function is to transfer the slab, beam, live load and
dead load from top level to lower level and finally to foundation in safe
way, with out any backline.
 Types of Column:
 Short Column, Intermediate and Long Column
Definitions:

Compression members, such as columns, are mainly subjected to


axial forces. The principal stress in a compression member is
therefore the normal stress,
The failure of a short compression member resulting from the
compression axial force looks like,
Short and Long Column

However, when a compression member becomes longer, the role of the


geometry and stiffness (Young's modulus) becomes more and more
important.

For a long (slender) column, buckling occurs way before the normal stress
reaches the strength of the column material. For example, pushing on
the ends of a business card or bookmark can easily reproduce the
buckling.

 For an intermediate length compression member, kneeling occurs when


some areas yield before buckling, as shown in the figure below.
Definitions:

 In summary, the failure of a compression member has to do with the


strength and stiffness of the material and the geometry (slenderness
ratio) of the member. Whether a compression member is considered
short, intermediate, or long depends on these factors. More quantitative
discussion on these factors can be found in the next section.

 Design Considerations
 In practice, for a given material, the allowable stress in a compression
member depends on the slenderness ratio Leff / r and can be divided
into three regions: short, intermediate, and long.

 Short columns are dominated by the strength limit of the material.


Intermediate columns are bounded by the inelastic limit of the member.

 Finally, long columns are bounded by the elastic limit


 (i.e. Euler's formula). These three regions are depicted on the
stress/slenderness graph below,
Column Lenght

r
In the table, L eff is the effective length of the column, and is the radius of
gyration of the cross-sectional area, defined as .
Radii of gyration for standard beams, common beams, and other common
areas can be found in the geometry section.
Comparison
In the table, L eff is the effective length of the column, and r is the radius of
gyration of the cross-sectional area, defined as .
Radii of gyration for standard beams, common beams, and other common
areas can be found in the geometry section.

Intermediate
Short Column Long Column
Column
(Strength (Elastic Stability
(Inelastic Stability
Material Limit)
Limit)
Limit)

Slenderness Ratio ( SR = Leff / r)

Structural Steel SR < 40 40 < SR < 150 SR > 150

Aluminum Alloy AA 6061- T6 SR < 9.5 9.5 < SR < 66 SR > 66

Aluminum Alloy AA 2014 - T6 SR < 12 12 < SR < 55 SR > 55

Wood SR < 11 11 < SR < (18 ~ 30) (18 ~ 30) < SR < 50
How Column Works, With other Elements

 Structure Eng should make sure all


 Elements and Forces together with
 Reaction From moments are in Static
 And the Sum are Equal To Zero…
Force Transfer From Column to Foundation
Column Footing , Reinforcement and Reaction
Column Shape and Rebar
Major Elements of Frame Structure
Major Elements of Frame Structure
Major Elements of Frame Structure
Major Elements of Frame Structure
Major Elements of Frame Structure
Major Elements of Frame Structure

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