Linda

GOOD MORNING,
EVERYONE!!!
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CONTENTS
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S X D A
V P U M
R B A Y
A E Q V s
E X D A
V P I M
R B A Y
N E Q T
B T D A
V P OR
R S A Y
I E N T
ACTIVITY TIME!
Direction: Identify the situations that describe Survey, Experiment or
Observation.
To test the redesign of its website, an online

bookseller assembled 96 users of the site and
randomly divided them into two groups. One
group used the new website to make a purchase
and one group used the old website to make the
same purchase. Users of the new site were able
to complete the purchase 22% faster.
A researcher asks college students
how many hours of sleep they got on an
average night and examines whether
the number of hours of sleep affects the
students’ grades.
Parks Department employee wants
to know if latex paint is more durable
than non- latex paint. She has 50 park
benches painted with latex paint and
has 50 park benches painted with non –
latex paint.
A grocery store conducts an online
study in which customers are randomly
selected and asked to provide feedback
on their shopping experience.
You are a social psychologist
partnering with a cultural anthropologist
to study how cultural values connect to
college students’ perceptions of
cheating in school.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the discussion, the students
should be able to:
Knowledge: Identify different methods of data
collection
Skills: Gather information using different methods of
data collection; and
Attitude: Synthesize the importance of the different
methods of data collection.
SURVEYS,
EXPERIMENTS
OR
OBSERVATIONS
SURVEY
SURVEY
• A survey report presents a summary of all the
responses that were collected in a simple and visually
appealing manner.
• It is also a type of academic writing that uses research
to provide information about a topic. It involves
questions that are formulated based on the research
objective, to be answered by respondents and later
analyzed using appropriate data analysis methods.
SURVEY
• To be able to disseminate the information from the
survey, you need to have good writing skills. Without
good writing skills, the survey report is at risk of being
misrepresented or not explained well.
• When this happens, the objective of the survey is not
achieved, for it is the aim of survey reports to present
the survey data in a manner that is engaging and
understandable to various readers.
PREPARING SURVEY
A INSTRUMENT
A survey instrument usually has four parts:
• Personal information section for participants/

respondents (this is usually optional since, except for
disclosing the gender and age and other general
demographic information, most participants wish to
remain anonymous).
• Basic questions that establish the eligibility of the
participants / respondents.
A survey instrument usually has four parts:
• Main questions that are directly linked to research

questions
• Open – ended questions (optional)
SURVEYS are done in three (3) steps:
1) by email
2) telephone
3) personal interview
EXPERIMENT
EXPERIMENT/S
• It is what we call a true experiment where the
researcher manipulates one variable, and control/
randomizes the rest of the variables. It has a control
group, the subjects have been randomly assigned
between the groups, and the researcher only tests one
effect at a time.
EXPERIMENT/S
• According to Murdock (2020), in this method, you will
randomly select people and you need to split them into
groups, and they will now become your control group.
There are ways steps to follow in conducting
experiments:
1. Identify and define the problem.

2. Review relevant literature.
3.Formulate hypotheses and deduce their
consequences.
4. Construct an experimental design.
There are ways steps to follow in conducting
experiments:
5.Conduct the experiment.

6. Compile raw data and condense to usable
form.
7. Present findings and conclusions.
EXPERIMENT/S
“ Does the color of a basketball influence the number of
times a shooter sinks a basket? A random group of students is
chosen and asked to shoot a series of baskets using a
regulation normal-colored basketball. The data is recorded. The
same group is then given a blue colored basketball and the
same number of shots is repeated. The data is again recorded.
A statistical analysis is performed. This is a designed
experimental study since the researcher manipulated the
conditions of the study by changing the color of the ball .
OBSERVATION
OBSERVATION/S
• Observation is used to describe the behavior of a
subject. As the name suggests, it is a way of collecting
relevant information and data by observing.
• It is also referred to as participatory study because the
researcher has to establish a link with the respondent
and for this, he has to immerse himself in the same
setting as theirs.
OBSERVATION/S
• Observation is associated with a few ethical issues as it
needs the full consent of a research participant.
Techniques for collecting data through
observation:
• Written descriptions - The researcher makes written
descriptions of the people, situations, or Environment.
• Video recording - Allows the researcher to also record
notes.
• Photographs and artifacts - Useful when there is a
need to collect observable information or phenomena
such as buildings, neighborhoods, dress, and
appearance.
Techniques for collecting data through
observation:
• descriptions of the people, situations, or Environment.
• Video recording - Allows the researcher to also record
notes.
• Photographs and artifacts - Useful when there is a
need to collect observable information or phenomena
such as buildings, neighborhoods, dress, and
appearance.
RECAP
E VA L U AT I O N /
ASSESSMENT
Direction: Read and identify whether the following
statements are TRUE or FALSE. Write T if it is correct, and
F, if otherwise.
______ 1. To avoid bias in observational studies and

surveys, it is important to select subjects randomly.
______ 2. In a survey, it is important to assign subjects
to treatments randomly in order to make cause – effect
conclusions.
______ 3. Surveys are applicable to a wide range of
topics.
F, if otherwise.
_______4. Video recording is a technique for collecting

data through observation.
______ 5. Basic questions that establish the eligibility of
the participants / respondents must be taken into
consideration in an experimental study.
______ 6. Observation is also used in cases where you
want to avoid an error in the result of your study.
F, if otherwise.
______ 7. In experiment, you will randomly select people

and you need to split them into groups, and they will now
your control group.
______ 8. Without good writing skills, the survey report
is at risk of being misrepresented or not explained well.
F, if otherwise.
_______ 9. Survey involves questions that are

formulated based on the research objective, to be
answered by respondents and later analyzed using
appropriate data analysis methods.
_______ 10. An experiment may be your best choice
when you need to reach a large number of people
ASSIGNMENT
Read in advance about Writing a
Report.
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THANKS

Linda

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GOOD MORNING,

To test the redesign of its website, an online

• Personal information section for participants/

• Main questions that are directly linked to research

1. Identify and define the problem.

5.Conduct the experiment.

______ 1. To avoid bias in observational studies and

_______4. Video recording is a technique for collecting

______ 7. In experiment, you will randomly select people

_______ 9. Survey involves questions that are

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