WELCOME TO

MATHEMATICS
10 CLASS
John Paul C. Perico
Student Teacher
  One mouth rule.
 Keep phones in your
CLASSROOM
pockets and/or bring
RULES
them out if necessary;
and
 Raise your hand if there
is a question,
clarification, or concern.
 Kaunting chika muna…

What is your favorite series?

 GUIDE QUESTIONS

1. Differentiate Permutation
and Combination?

2. What are the formulas that

we have been use to solve
Permutation? How about
Review combination
 Activity
"WHAT'S THE
WORD IN ME?" ICE
BREAKER
Activity: WHAT'S THE WORD IN ME?
DIRECTIONS: Analyze
the given pictures and
decrypt the hidden
words using the number
codes provided.
 Activity: WHAT'S THE WORD IN ME?

16 - 18 - 15 - 2 - 1 - 2 - 9 - 12 - 9 - 20 - 25
 Activity: WHAT'S THE WORD IN ME?

16 - 18 - 15 - 2 - 1 - 2 - 9 - 12 - 9 - 20 - 25
PROBABILITY
 Activity: WHAT'S THE WORD IN ME?

5 - 24 - 16 - 5 - 18 - 9 - 13 - 5 - 14 - 20
Activity: WHAT'S THE WORD IN ME?

5 - 24 - 16 - 5 - 18 - 9 - 13 - 5 - 14 - 20
EXPERIMENT
Activity: WHAT'S THE WORD IN ME?

5 - 22 - 5 - 14 - 20 - 19
Activity: WHAT'S THE WORD IN ME?

5 - 22 - 5 - 14 - 20 - 19
EVENTS
Activity: WHAT'S THE WORD IN ME?

15 - 21- 20 - 3 - 15 - 13 - 5
Activity: WHAT'S THE WORD IN ME?

15 - 21- 20 - 3 - 15 - 13 - 5

OUTCOME
Activity: WHAT'S THE WORD IN ME?

21- 14 - 9 - 15 - 14
Activity: WHAT'S THE WORD IN ME?

21- 14 - 9 - 15 - 14
UNION
Activity: WHAT'S THE WORD IN ME?

9 -14 - 20 - 5 - 18 - 19 - 5 - 3 - 20 - 9 - 15 - 14
Activity: WHAT'S THE WORD IN ME?

9 -14 - 20 - 5 - 18 - 19 - 5 - 3 - 20 - 9 - 15 - 14

INTERSECTION
QUESTIONS

1. How’s the activity

class? Did you feel
enjoy?
QUESTIONS

2. Is it hard for you to

answer the given
number codes?
QUESTIONS

3. What are those words

that you will get from
our activity?
 QUARTER III: TARGETED MELC’s
MELC 7: Illustrates events, and union and
intersection of events. QUARTER
III
TARGETE
Uses Venn Diagrams to represent sets,
D MELCs:
subsets, and set operations.
Illustrates the union and intersection of sets
and the difference of two sets.
 QUARTER III: TARGETED MELC’s
MELC 8.a: Illustrates the probability of a union of
two events.
QUARTER
Illustrates an experiment, outcome, sample III
space and event. TARGETE
D MELCs:

MELC 8.b: Illustrates the probability of a union of

two events.
Finds the probability of a simple event.
 DEFINITION AND
TERMS OF EVENTS
At the end of the lesson, the
learners should be able to;

 Define an experiment, outcome, LEARNING

sample space and event. OBJECTIVE
 Illustrate an experiment, outcome, S
sample space and event; and
 Find the probability of the given
events
 KEY TERMINOLOGIES
Probability is a branch of mathematics that studies the
rate of chances or the possibility of a certain thing to occur
or happen.
Experiments are activities that generates probable results.
Example is rolling a six-sided die, or drawing a card from a
standard deck of cards.
Outcomes are the possible results given an experiment.
The set of all possible outcomes are called sample space.
Things to Remember
• An experiment is an activity that produces results.
It can be written as fractions, decimal and
percentage form.
• An outcome is a result of an experiment.
Things to Remember

•A sample space of an experiment is

the collection of all outcomes of the
experiment.
•An event is a subset of a sample
space.
 KEY TERMINOLOGIES
Event is one of successful possible outcomes satisfying a
given condition.
Example is showing an even number in a single roll of a
die. It is denoted by a probability formula:
 KEY TERMINOLOGIES
Odds is the ratio of the number of favorable
outcomes to the number of unfavorable outcomes.
It is denoted by the formula:
EXAMPLES
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES

•Example 1. Find
the sample space
of tossing one coin.
Solutions
• Example 1. Find the sample space of tossing one
coin.

Solution
Let T stands for “tail” and H stands for “head”.
S = { H, T }
Therefore, there are 2 possible outcomes if we
tossed one coin.
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES

•Example 2. Find the

sample space of
rolling a die.
Solutions
• Example 2. Find the sample space of rolling a die.

Solutions
A die has 6 faces with numbers 1 to 6.
S = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }
Therefore, there are 6 possible outcomes if we
rolled one die.
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES

•Example 3. A couple has

three children and if it is
known that their first child is
a girl. Find the sample space
of their possible children
Solutions
Example 3. A couple has three children and if it is known that their first child is a
girl. Find the sample space of their possible children

Solutions
• Let B stands for “boy” and G stands for “girl”. There will be an order of the
outcomes.
• S = { BBB, BBG, BGB, BGG, GGG, GGB, GBG, GBB }
• Since their first child is a girl, we will only get the outcomes with G as the first
child.
• S = { GGG, GGB, GBG, GBB }
• Therefore, there are 4 possible outcomes if it is known that their first child is a girl.
Try This

•Example 4. Find
the sample space
of tossing a coin
three times.
Solutions
• Example 4. Find the sample space of tossing a coin three
times.
Solutions:
• Let T stands for “tail” and H stands for “head”. Since only
one coin is tossed three times, there will be an order of the
outcomes.
• S = { HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT }
• Therefore, there are 8 possible outcomes if we tossed one
coin three times.
Try This
•Example 5. A die and
a coin are tossed.
Find the possible
outcomes of the
experiment.
Solutions
• Example 5. A die and a coin are tossed. Find the possible
outcomes of the experiment.
Solutions:
• Let T stands for “tail” and H stands for “head” for the coin
and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 for a die.
• S = { 1H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 5H, 6H, 1T, 2T, 3T, 4T, 5T, 6T }
• Therefore, there are 12 possible outcomes if we tossed a
die and a coin.
  A simple event is one that can only happen in
one way. In other words, it has a single outcome.
If we consider our previous examples, tossing a coin
and rolling a die are example of simple events: we
get one outcome that is a head or a tail and a
number 1,2,3,4,5, or 6 respectively.

 A compound event is more complex than a

simple event, as it involves the probability of
more than one outcome. Another way to view
compound events is as a combination of two or
Take Note! more simple events.
PROBABILIT
Y OF SIMPLE
EVENTS
Probability of Simple Events
In a sample space, if each outcome is equally likely to occur, then
the probability of an event E, denoted by P(E) is given by
LET’S PRACTICES
1. The probability of rolling a 3 on a die
2. The probability of drawing an ace of hearts from a deck
of cards.
3. The probability of getting a head in tossing one coin.
4. The probability of getting a tail in tossing one coin
5. Find the probability of getting a number a number less
than 5 in rolling a die
6. Find the probability of getting at least 2 heads in tossing
a coin three times
 Illustrative Examples
Example #1:
A coin was tossed three times. Find the probability of the
following events
• a. P(exactly one tail)
• b. P(exactly three heads)
• c. P(at least one head)
• D. P(four heads)
Solutions
 Illustrative Examples
Example #2:
A pair of dice is rolled. Determine the probability of the
following events.
• a. P(sum of two numbers is 5)
• b. P(sum of two numbers is 13)
• c. P(identical numbers)
• d. P(first number is less than the second number)
• e. P(product of two number is greater than 10)
• f. P(product of two number is less than 10)
Solutions
 Illustrative Examples
Example #3:
A card is randomly drawn from
a deck of 52 cards. Find the
probability that the card drawn
is
• a. an ace
• b. a black card
• c. a red queen
• d. a spade
Solutions
 GROUP ACTIVITY
1. In rolling two six sided dice, find the probability that
a. at least one die shows a 4
b. shows the same number

2. A family has three children. Find the probability of having

a. 3 boys
b. 2 girls and 1 boy

3. In Rolling two six sided dice, find the probability that the sum of the two
numbers
a. Sum of seven (7)
b. Sum of ten (10)
 RUBRICS
The task will be graded based on the following rubrics

Criteria:

 Correctness of the solution - 7 pts

 Cooperation with the groupmates - 3 pts
 Presentation - 5 pts
 Total = 15 pts
 I. Multiple Choice: Read and analyze the given statement
carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer

1. It is a set of all possible outcomes

a. Probability b. Sample space c. Events d. Experiment
Quiz
2. It is to study the rate of chances or the possibility of a
certain thing to occur or happen
a. Experiment b. Odds c. Probability d. Sample Space

3. It is a subset of a sample space.

a. Outcome b. Event c. Experiment d. Probability
 4. It is an activities that generates probable
results.
a. Odds b. Sample Space c. Events d. Experiment
Quiz
5. It is the ratio of the number of favorable
outcomes to the number of unfavorable
outcomes.
a. Event b. Odds c. Probability d. Sample Space
 SEATWORK ACTIVITY
Directions: Solve the probability of simple events. Show your
solution

1. Find the probability of getting a 2, 3 and 4 in rolling a die.

2. Find the probability of getting atleast 2 Tails in tossing a
coin three times
3. Find the probability of getting an
(a) Ace of Spade, (b) king of hearts and Clubs, (c) queen, in
the standard deck of cards.
ODDS
Odds is the ratio of the number of favorable
outcomes to the number of unfavorable outcomes.
It is denoted by the formula:
EXAMPLES
1. In a rainbow consisting of colors R,O,Y,G,B,I,V. Find
the odds of choosing
a. Yellow and Red
b. Indigo only
c. Red, Orange, Yellow
d. Green, Blue, Violet, Red and Orange
EXAMPLES

2. A box contains 5 blue marbles, 4 red marbles,

and 2 white marbles. Find the odds of
choosing
a. Blue marbles
b. a red marbles
c. a white marbles
ARE YOU FAMILIAR WITH THESE SYMBOLS?
 Sets are well-defined collection of objects.
 A well-defined set means that it is possible to
determine whether an object belongs to a given
Recap set.

 The objects are called members or elements of

a set.

set of
set of even set of
Grade 10 numbers Asian
students greater countries
than 9
 A set is named with capital
letters.
Example:
Recap The elements of a set are
enclosed with braces and is S=
separated with a comma. {2,3,5,7,11}

We use the symbol ∈ to denote 2∈S

the element of a set. Also, the
symbol a ∉ S is read as “a is 15 ∉ S
not an element of set S”.
 Subsets

Set A is a subset of set B,

Recap denoted by A ⊆ B, if every
element of A belongs to B. In
symbol, A ⊆ B if x ∈ A then x
∈ B.

Example:
If A = {1,2,3} and B={1,2,3,4},
then A ⊆ B.
However, B ⊈ A.
 Four Basic Operations on
Recap Sets

1.Union
2.Intersection
3.Complement
4.Difference
 Union
Union of sets A and B
Recap A∪B
 set of all elements found in A or in B or
both
 Intersection
Recap Intersection of sets A and B
A∩B
 set of all elements common A and B
 Complement
Recap Complement of A
A’
 set of elements in the universal set but not
found in A
 Difference
Recap Difference of sets A and B
A-B
 set of elements found in A but not in
B
 UNION AND
INTERSECTI
ON OF
EVENTS
At the end of the lesson, the
learners should be able to;

 Define union and intersection of

events
LEARNING
 Illustrate the difference between OBJECTIV
ES
union, intersection and
complement of an events
 Use Venn Diagram to illustrates an
events
 VENN DIAGRAM
Venn Diagram is a diagram that uses circles to represent
sets, in which the relations between the sets are
indicated by the arrangement of the circles.
 Union of Events
UNION OF EVENTS
The union of two events, A or B, can
be written as A U B. These are the
elements found in event A, event B, or
in both A and B.
Combining the elements
Solution
2. A = {1,3,5,7}
EXAMPLE
B = { 1,2,3,4}
Solution

2. A = {1,3,5,7}
B = { 1,2,3,4}
A U B= {1,2,3,4,5,7}
 Intersection of Events
The intersection of events, A and
B, written as A ∩ B. These are the Example:
elements found to both events A What is A ∩ B?
and B.
Common elements
Solution
Example: What is A ∩ B?
2. A = {1,3,5,7,9}
B = { 2,3,5,7,11}
EXAMPLES
3. A= {1,3,5,7,9}
B= {2,4,6,8,10}
Solution
2. A = {1,3,5,7,9}
B = { 2,3,5,7,11}
A ∩ B = {3,5,7} - JOINT

3. A= {1,3,5,7,9}
B= {2,4,6,8,10}
A ∩ B = { } DISJOINT
Let's Try
A = {1,3,5,7} C= {2,4,6,8}
B = {2,3,5,7} D= {2,3,4,5}

1. A ∩ B 4. C ∩ D
2. A U B 5. A U B U D
3. A ∩ C 6. A U B ∩ C
SOLUTION
 Complement of Events
The complement of event A,
denoted by A’ are the elements
that are not in even A but found in
the universal set.
Solution
Let's Try
Use the Venn diagram to find the following.
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
Directions: Find the union, Intersection and Complement of
Events A and B defined by the following situations.

1.) A four-section spinner marked

as red, yellow, blue and green is
spun once and a five-peso coin is
tossed once. A is an event of
spinning a Red and B is an event of
getting a tail.
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
2.) A die is tossed
twice. A is an event of
getting equal dots and
B is an event of getting
a sum of 6
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
3.) Your brother has given you a 6
adjective words fast, quiet, fat,
short, little, tall. A is an event of
choosing an adjective that starts
with "F" and B is an event of
choosing four letters
 TRY THIS!
1. Consider a die and a coin
are tossed. Let A be the
event that a tail comes
out and B the event that a
5 comes out. Illustrate A
U B, A ∩ B and A’
 ACTIVITY
Directions: Illustrate the following events by listing the sample space S, and
the union, intersection and complement of events A and B. Show your
solution.

1. A 1- peso coin is tossed. A is the event that the coin falls head and B is
the event that the coin falls tail
.2. A die is tossed once. A is the event that an even number comes out and
B is the event that a prime number comes out
3. A 5-section spinner marked 1,2,3,4, and 5 is spun once and a coin is
tossed once. A is the event of spinning a 4 and B is the event of getting a
tail.
4. A 3- section spinner marked Red, Green and Blue is spun once and a coin
is tossed once. A is the event of spinning a red and B is the event of
getting a head.
Other Example
The beverage that the people prefer to drink in the morning
are shown in the Venn Diagram
Questions
It's Your Turn
• The extracurricular activities in which the Grade 10 class at
MLGMNHS participate are shown in the Venn Diagram
below. Answer the questions that follows.

Extracurricular
Activities
participated by
Grade 10 Students
Questions

• 1.How many students are in the Grade 10 class ?

• 2.How many students participate in the band?
• 3.How many students participate in the drama?
• 4.How many students participate in the drama or band?
• 5.How many students participate in the drama and band?
• 6.How many students did not participate in the drama?
• 7.How many students did not participate in the band?
• 8.How many students did not participate in any activity at all?
How about this?
• The extracurricular activities in which the Junior class at
MLGMNHS participate are shown in the Venn Diagram
below.

Extracurricular
Activities
participated by
Junior Students
Questions
 TEST YOURSELF
The favorite subject of Grade 10 students at Maximo L. Gatlabayan
Memorial National High School are shown in the Venn Diagram below.
Questions

a. How many Grade 10 students are there in Maximo L.

Gatlabayan Memorial National High School
b. How many students like Math?
c. How many students like both Math and English?
d. How many students like Science only?
e. How many students like Math or Science?
f. How many students like Science?
g. How many students like all three subjects?
h. How many students do not like any of the subjects given?
PROBABILIT
Y OF
COMPOUND
EVENTS
 PROBABILITY OF COMPOUND EVENTS
A compound event is more complex than a simple event,
as it involves the probability of more than one outcome.
Another way to view compound events is as a combination
of two or more simple events.
 LET'S PRACTICES

1.) Find the probability of getting a 6

and 1 when two diced are rolled

2.) A die is rolled and a coin is tossed.

Show all possible outcomes
 LET'S PRACTICES
3.) A standard playing cards has 52 cards suit (Heart, Club,
Diamond,Spade). Each suit has 9 numbers (2 to 10) an ace,
king, queen and jack. If a card is drawn find the probability of
getting:
a. Diamond
b. Face Card
c. Ace
4.) Flipping a coin twice. What is the probability of getting
two tails in flipping a coin twice?
NEXT LESSON ...
 Activity:
Tell whether a
Dependent or Independent ?
ACTIVITY: Tell whether the situation is a
Dependent or Independent?

1. Studying hard, getting a high grade

2. Eating a lot, gaining weight
3. Playing computer games, submitting all
assignments and projects on time.
4. Tossing a coin, rolling a die and getting a 6
5. Attending a singing lesson, raining today
ACTIVITY: Tell whether the situation is a
Dependent or Independent?

1. Studying hard, getting a high grade - Dependent

2. Eating a lot, gaining weight - Dependent
3. Playing computer games, submitting all assignments and
projects on time. - Dependent
4. Tossing a coin, rolling a die and getting a 6 - Independent
5. Attending a singing lesson, raining today - Independent
DEPENDENT and
INDEPENDENT
EVENTS
Dependent Events vs. Independent Events
Dependent Events – the result of one event affects the
result of the other event.
• FPC : 4x3x2x1 – (WITHOUT REPITITION /REPLACEMENT)
For example:
• Studying hard, getting a high grade
• Eating a lot, gaining weight
• Playing computer games, submitting all assignment and
projects on time.
Dependent Events vs. Independent Events
Independent Events – the occurrence of one event
does not affect the occurrence of the other.
• FPC: 4x4x4x4 - (WITH REPITITION/REPLACEMENT)
For example:
• Tossing a coin, rolling a die and getting a 6
• Attending a singing lesson, raining today.
Learning Task: Decide whether the events are
Dependent or Independent
1. Rolling a 5 on consecutive turns in a game.
2. Drawing a card from a deck of cards, returning it,
and drawing another card
3. Drawing a card from a deck of cards and drawing a
second card
4. Working hard and achieving your goals
5. Awarding the top 2 racers
 ANSWERS
Independent 1. Rolling a 5 on consecutive turns in a game.
Independent 2. Drawing a card from a deck of cards,
returning it, and drawing another card
Dependent 3. Drawing a card from a deck of cards and
drawing a second card
Dependent 4. Working hard and achieving your goals
Dependent 5. Awarding the top 2 racers
 TEST YOURSELF
Directions: Tell whether the given situations is Dependent or
Independent Events

1. Flipping a coin twice

2. Electing the president of the group first, then the vice
president.
3. Teacher chooses one student to lead a group and another
student to lead another group.
4. Spinning blue and red on spinner
5. Rolling 5 on a die and drawing a red card from the deck of
cards
PROBABILITY OF
DEPENDENT and
INDEPENDENT
EVENTS
 PROBABILITY OF DEPENDENT AND
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
For joint probability, the multiplication rule is
used.
 If events A and B are independent, then the
joint probability :
P (A and B)= P (A) . P(B) or
P(A ∩ B) = P (A) . P(B)
 PROBABILITY OF DEPENDENT AND
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
For joint probability, the multiplication rule is used.
 If events A and B are dependent, then the joint
probability :
P (A and B)= P (A) . P(B/A) or
P (A ∩ B)= P (A) . P(B/A)
where P(B/A); read as probability of B given A
 EXAMPLES OF
PROBABILITY OF
INDEPENDENT AND
DEPENDENT EVENTS
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES OF INDEPENDENT
EVENTS
Example 1: A die and coin are
tossed. What is the
probability of getting a 6
and a tail
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES OF INDEPENDENT
EVENTS
Example 2: A box that contains 10 red balls, 6
blue balls and 4 yellow balls. A ball is drawn at
random and the color is noted and then put
back inside the box. Then another ball is
drawn at random. Find the probability that
the first ball is red and the second is yellow.
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES OF INDEPENDENT
EVENTS
Example 3: A bag of candies contains 9
strawberry, 6 coffee, 7 orange, and 8 caramel
candies. What is the probability of randomly
choosing a strawberry candy, replacing it,
randomly choosing an orange candy, replacing
it, and then randomly choosing a caramel
candy?
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES OF DEPENDENT
EVENTS
Example 4: A bag contains 4 blue, 3
white and 5 red marbles. Two marbles
are drawn without replacement. Find
the probability that the first ball is red
then the second is blue.
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES OF DEPENDENT
EVENTS
Example 5: A box that contains 10 red balls, 6
blue balls and 4 yellow balls. Suppose that
two balls are drawn one after the other
without putting back the first ball. Find the
probability that the first ball is red and the
second is yellow
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES OF DEPENDENT
EVENTS
Example 6: A bag of candies contains 9 strawberry,
6 coffee, 7 orange, and 8 caramel candies.
What is the probability of randomly choosing a
strawberry candy, eats it, randomly choosing
an orange candy, eats it, and then randomly
choosing a caramel candy?
Any questions left?
Thank you for learning.
JOHN PAUL PERICO
Pre – Service Teacher (MLGMNHS)

Sir MARKGIL R.
CLARO
Cooperating Teacher (MLGMNHS)