MAT 3 12th WK

STATISTICS AND
PROBABILITY
ENGR. OSCAR H.
HALAMANI, JR.
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
 One Sample t - Test
 Hypothesis Testing On
One Sample t - Test

One Sample t - Test
 is a statistical procedure that is used to know the
mean difference between the sample and the
unknown value of the population mean.
 it is used when the sample size n < 30.
Degree of Freedom (df)
Formula: df = n - 1
 the maximum of logically independent values, which
are values that have the freedom to vary in the data
sample
One Sample t -Test Formula
t = (ẍ -μ)(√n)
s
 ẍ = sample mean
 μ = population mean
 s = sample standard deviation
 n = sample size
Steps in Conducting Hypothesis Testing of
One sample t-Test
1. State the null hypothesis (Ho) and the alternative
hypothesis (Ha).
2. Determine the level of significance (α), one-tailed
or two-tailed, degree of freedom (df), and the critical
value of t (refer to the given table).
3. Compute the value of one sample t-test.
4. Make a statistical decision.
5. State the conclusion.
Possible Statements for Null and Alternative Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis Alternative Hypothesis
(Ho) (Ha)
equal (=) Not equal (≠)
Less than or equal to (≤) Greater than (>)
Greater than or equal to (≥) Less than (<)

Example
1. One of the undersecretary of the Department
of Labor and Employment (DOLE) claims that
the average salary of Civil Engineer is P 36,000.
A sample of 19 Civil Engineer’s salary has a
mean of P 34,700, and standard deviation of
P2,460. Is there enough evidence to reject the
undersecretay’s claim at α = 0.01?
Solution:
Step 1: State the hypotheses
Ho: μ = P 36,000
Ha: μ ≠ P 36,000
Step 2: Determine α, df, tailed-test and the critical value
α = 0.01, df = 19 - 1 = 18, two-tailed test
Critical Value of t (tcritical) = ± 2.878
Step 3: Compute the z - value
Given: μ = P 36,000 ẍ = P 34,700
s = P 2,460 n = 19
t = ( ẍ - μ ) (√ n ) = (34,700 - 36,000)
(√19 )
δ 2,460
t = - 2.303
Step 4: Decision Rule
if tcomputed > tcritical ; Reject Ho
tcomputed < tcritical ; Do not reject Ho
Since: 2.303 < 2.878 ; Do not reject Ho
Step 5: Conclusion
There is no enough evidence to reject the claim that
the salary of the Civil Engineer is P 36,000.
Example
2. The average family size in the Philippines was
reported as 4.25. A random of 8 families in a
particular street resulted to 5.5. At α = 0.10, if
the sample stardard deviation is 2.45, does the
average family size more than the national
average?
Solution:
Ho: μ ≤ 4.25 families
Ha: μ > 4.25 families
α = 0.10, df = 8 - 1 = 7, one-tailed test
Given: μ = 4.25 ẍ = 5.5
δ = 2.45 n=8
t = ( ẍ - μ ) (√ n ) = (5.5 - 4.25) (√8 )
s 2.45
t = 1.443
Since: 1.443 > 1.415 ; Reject Ho
Step 5: Conclusion
There is enough evidence to support the claim that the
average family size in the Philippines is more than 4.25.
Example
3. A researcher claims that 20-year old women
in a special diet will have an average weights of
110 pounds. A sample of 15 women has an
average weight of 112.5 pounds and a standard
deviation of 5 pounds. At α = 0.01, can the claim
be rejected?
Solution:
Ho: μ =110 lbs.
Ha: μ ≠ 110 lbs.
Given: μ = 110 ẍ = 112.5
δ=5 n = 15
t = ( ẍ - μ ) (√ n ) = (112.5 - 110) (√15 )
s 5
t = 1.936
Since: 1.936 < 2.977 ; Do not reject Ho
Step 5: Conclusion
There is no enough evidence to reject the claim that the
20-year old woman has a weight of 110 lbs.
Example
4. A fruit juice franchise company has a policy
of opening new fruit juice stand only on those
areas that have a mean household income of
P30,500 a month. The company’s reseach
department took a sample of 25 households
from the area and found that the mean monthly
income of these households is P32,600, and a
standard deviation of P2,500. Using α = 0.05
significance level, would you conclude that the
company should open a fruit stand in the area?
Solution:
Ho: μ = P30,500
Ha: μ ≠ P30,500
Given: μ = 30,500 ẍ = 32,600
δ = 2,500 n = 25
t = ( ẍ - μ ) (√ n ) = (32,600 - 30,500) (√25 )
s 2,500
t = 4.200
Since: 4.200 > 2.064 ; Reject Ho
Step 5: Conclusion
There is enough evidence to prove that the household
income is not P30,500.
Is there any Question?
Next Meeting?
Z -Test for Proportion

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STATISTICS AND

One Sample t - Test

equal (=) Not equal (≠)

Less than or equal to (≤) Greater than (>)

Greater than or equal to (≥) Less than (<)

Z -Test for Proportion

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