Enviromental Presentation 1 Risha Hashmi

ZAINAB BIBI 75
PRESENTED EMAN AZHAR 37

MAIRA KIYANI 103
BY MOMINA UMAR 73
MAHEEN MEHAK 81
RISHA TUL ZAHRA 102
DEPARTMENT
BS ENGLISH (B)
PRESENTED TO 3RD SMESTER
MA’AM MISBHA
MAHEEN MEHAK
81
INTRODUCTION TO DEFORESTATION:
• Deforestation is a growing global problem with far-reaching environmental and
economic consequences, including some that may not be fully understood until it
is too late to prevent them basically; deforestation is clearing earth's forests on a
massive scale, often resulting in damage to the quality of the land.
• Forests still cover about 30 percent of the world’s land area. Trees supply oxygen,
absorb carbon dioxide, and hold down the soil from washing away or making
landslides.
• The destruction and cutting down of forests is done for many reasons, but most
of them are related to money or to people’s need to provide for their families.
They clear land for farming, farmers cut forests to provide more room for planting
crops or grazing livestock.
RISHA- TUL- ZAHRA
102
CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION
 Deforestation and forest degradation can happen quickly, such as when a forest is
clear-cut to make way for a palm oil plantation or a new settlement. It can also
happen gradually as a result of ongoing forest degradation as temperatures rise due to
climate change caused by human activity.
 The most common pressures causing deforestation and severe forest degradation are
agriculture, unsustainable forest management, mining,.
 Forest fires: Each year, fires burn millions of hectares of forest worldwide. Fires
are a part of nature but degraded forests are particularly vulnerable. These include
heavily logged rainforests, forests on peat soils, or where forest fires have been
suppressed for years allowing unnatural accumulation of vegetation that makes the
fire burn more intensely. The resulting loss has wide-reaching consequences on
biodiversity, climate, and the economy.
 Illegal and sustainable logging : Illegal logging occurs in all types of
forests across all continents – from Brazil to Indonesia – destroying
nature and wildlife, taking away community livelihoods and distorting
trade. Illegally harvested wood finds its way into major consumption
markets, such as the U.S., and European Union, which further fuels the
cycle.
 Fuelwood harvesting: Over-harvesting for domestic use or for

commercial trade in charcoal significantly damages forests .
 Mining: The impact of mining on tropical forests is growing due to
rising demand and high mineral prices. Mining projects are often accompanied
by major infrastructure construction, such as roads, railway lines and power
stations, putting further pressure on forests and freshwater ecosystems.
 Climate change: Forest loss is both a cause and an effect of our changing
climate. Climate change can damage forests, for instance by drying out tropical
rainforests and increasing fire damage in boreal forests. Inside forests, climate
change is already harming biodiversity, a threat that is likely to increase.
MAIRA KIYANI
103
• Effects of deforestation on human
 When humans destroy their forest habitats, animals and insects seek shelter in the populous
health:
villages surrounding forests. Animal migration into human territory leads to an unprecedented
amount of contact between humans and wildlife that’s not only unnatural but dangerous. This is
because animals can spread pathogens to humans. These pathogens cause illnesses known as
zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic Diseases: Disease Transmitted from Animals to Humans.
• Food insecurity :
 Forests provide surrounding communities with clean drinking water, food, and
jobs. Indigenous peoples harvest food and medicine directly from plant species in
the forest, or cultivate crops in the fertile soil. When companies cut down forests,
these communities lose resources to cultivate the food they need to survive,
pushing them into food insecurity. Hundreds of millions of people rely on tropical
forests for food, and the highest concentrations of food insecure populations live
in regions with tropical forests.
• Effects of deforestation on environment :
Effects of deforestation on the environment
Deforestation’s environmental impact extends far beyond the edges of the woods.
When we remove forests, we lose out on the vital protection they provide against
climate change, soil erosion, and natural disasters like flooding.
Soil erosion
The roots of trees stabilize soil and keep it in place. Removing trees
loosens the soil and leaves it exposed to damaging rains and wind.
Removing trees on a mass scale through deforestation significantly
speeds up soil erosion.
EMAN AZHAR
37
Biodiversity and deforestation
Deforestation is the removal of a forest or cluster of trees from land which is then converted
to a non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or
urban use.
The most concentrated deforestation occurs in tropical rainforests, which are particularly
important to the world because they provide a habitat for millions of species of organisms,
they regulate the world’s climate, they store nearly half of the world’s rainwater and they
contain plants that are used in modern medications. Rain forests also absorb massive amounts
of carbon dioxide (CO2).
 About 31% of Earth’s land surface is covered by forests. Deforestation can directly lead to
biodiversity loss when animal species that live in the trees no longer have their habitat,
cannot relocate, and therefore become extinct. Deforestation can lead certain tree species
to permanently disappear, which affects biodiversity of plant species in an environment.
 Deforestation affects biodiversity in a number of ways. Trees may be removed from
particular areas in order to make various wood products, to clear land for new buildings or
roads, or for creating new farming or grazing land. It can also occur as a result of natural
disasters or accidental fires.
 Rain Forest Hero Plants Over 30,000 Trees to Save the Amazon
 For decades the people in the Manu region of Peru have used slash-and-burn as their
primary farming technique. Realizing that there would soon be no forest left if this practice
continued, Reynaldo Ochoa began experimenting with different approaches to farming the
land. He’s now dedicated to reforesting the region and teaching residents more sustainable
alternatives to deforestation, like agroforestry and permaculture.
ZAINAB BIBI
75
1. Start Afforestation
2. Use less paper
3. Don’t buy products containing palm oil
4. Don’t burn firewood excessively
5. Buy only what you will use
6. Practice recycling
7. Raise awareness
 There are Environmentally and Forest friendly companies
that are helping to stop deforestation.
They need our support.
 Let’s encourage their efforts and make our land Green.
MOMINA UMAR KAYANI
73
CONCLUSION
Deforestation is very harmful to our community and to other
communities around the world. We shall reject and avoid causing
deforestation by recycling our paper and not throwing it away because
then in the future more trees would need to be cut down. So if we just
keep reusing paper it would be more sustainable to our environment.
The local effect it has on our environment is that it decreases oxygen
for inhalation while trees absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen
for living organisms like human beings and wild life. You can save
lives of living species. Recycle your paper.
CONCLUSION
Deforestation is a human activity that is destructive and should be
discouraged. Environmental conservation is our responsibility
because we have only one earth to live in. It is true that we all need
space to live. With the ever-growing population and urbanization,
there has been more than ever need to cut trees and make space.
However, we must realize that it is not possible for us to live without
having trees around us. Trees bring so many benefits such as giving
us oxygen, utilizing the harmful carbon dioxide and so many
products we need in our daily lives. Without trees around us, there
would be no life on the earth. We should all do the needful to protect
trees and reduce deforestation. Say No to Deforestation !

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ZAINAB BIBI 75

PRESENTED EMAN AZHAR 37

 Fuelwood harvesting: Over-harvesting for domestic use or for

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