Tourism Planning and Development: Prepared By: Ms. Ame-Fil Love Magdaraog, MSHRM

TOURISM PLANNING
AND DEVELOPMENT
PREPARED BY: MS. AME-FIL LOVE MAGDARAOG, MSHRM
TOURISM PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
What City Or Country Do You
Wish To Visit?
What Do You Want To Do
There?
Who Do you want to be with in
your travel?
When You Hear The Word
“Tourism”, What Images Formed
In Your Mind? And Why?
WHAT IS TOURISM?
Latin word tornare and the Greek term
tornos, meaning to circle around.
The word tourist, refers to someone who
leaves then comes back to his/her point of
origin. (Theobald,1998)
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
define as activities of persons traveling to
and staying in places outside their usual
environment for not more than one
consecutive year for leisure, business and
other purposes, except activities
remunerated from within the place
visited..”
Five W’s Questions
1.What – refers to the activities that the travelers do when they go to a place,
such as sightseeing, swimming, shopping, etc.
2.Who – refers to the persons who travel to and stay in a certain destination
3.Where – refers to the place where the traveler goes to or simply the
destination.
4.When – refers to the length of stay, from a few minutes to one whole year.
If a visitor stay in a particular destination for more than a year, he/she will
no longer be considered a visitor, but a resident. In addition, zero minute or
no time at all is not considered as tourism. The traveler must stay and do
something in the destination. In transit or passing through is not considered
as a tourism activity.
5.Why - refers to the purpose of travel, which exclude paid work and taking
employment and redicence.
Reasons For Traveling
1. Rest and relaxation – traveling when rest and relaxation is not
possible at home
2. Novelty – trying something new or unique
3. Prestige (bragging rights) – travelling to affirm socioeconomic status
4. Education/Intellectual enhancement – travelling to gain
knowledge that can only be acquired away from home.
5. Kinship enhancement – traveling or visiting family and friends to
enrich relationships.
6. Socialization – interacting with other people and meeting new faces.
7. Fantasy – longing for freedom, reminiscing childhood, and other
personal desires
Categorizing tourist markets/types of Tourists
1. According to geography – tourists can be classified according
to the point of origin and destination: domestic, outbound, or
inbound tourist.
Types of tourist based on Origin and Destination
TYPES OF TOURISTS COUNTRY A (POINT OF COUNTRY B
VIEW)
Domestic The destination and origin is the same

country
Outbound Origin Destination
Inbound Destination Origin
• Domestic tourist - refers to the residents of a country who
travel within their own country, such as a resident of Manila
going to Boracay – a Filipino traveling in the Philippines.
• Outbound tourist - refers to residents traveling to another
country like Filipinos going to HK Disneyland.
• Inbound tourists - refer to non resident visiting a country other
than their own, such as an American visiting the Philippines.
2. According to the length of stay – distance of the destination

from the origin also matters considerably when planning a trip.
3. According to the purpose of the trip
Plog’s Model of Tourists Behavior
1.Allocentrics (The
Wanderers) tourist who are
adventurous and prefer to
travel alone or in small groups
to new destinations.
2.Psychocentrics – tourists who
find comfort in things familiar
to them even when travelling.
3.Mid-centrics – tourist who are
in-between the first two types.
Why tourism?
Tourism and Development: Concepts and Issues by Richard
Sharpley
1. Tourism contributes to the economy
2. Tourism is a growing industry
3. Tourism redistributes income and investment
4. Tourism has no trade berried
5. Tourism offers opportunities for backward linkages
6. Tourism improves facilities that benefits both tourists and residents
7. Tourism used natural, free resources
8. Tourism justifies protection of natural and cultural heritage
9. There is no other choice.
WHAT IS DEVELOPMENT?
Development is another English word “de-envelopment” or the
Portuguese term des-envolvimento. As ”envelop” is
synonymous to enclose or restrict, de-envelopment means
freedom, that is to say, to remove all the obstacles that block life,
action or creativity. - (Serrate, 1997)
Changes and Development Changes and Problems

1.Science 1. Poverty
2.Technology 2. Pollution
3.Business 3. Transportation
Theories on tourism development
1.Butler’s – a geographer, developed his theory or model which was
built on the ideas of Christaller, Plog, Cohen and Doxey. Theory
appeared in 1980. Product life cycle in theory.
2.Christaller’s – german geographer and planner. He discussed how
destination develops from the visit of group painters searching for
untouched and unsual places to paint.
3.Stanley Plog – an American researcher, developed a theory that the
popularity of a destination is related to the inherent personalities of
travelers.
4.Cohen – 1972, developed a theory which is related to the behavior of
tourist.
5.Doxey – 1975, proposed a theory called Irritation Index or in short
Tourism development
Butler's Tourism Area Life Cycle (1980)
1.Exploration- The area remains unspoilt and tourist facilities are
minimal. The area attracts few visitors.
2.Involvement- Additional facilities are provided by locals and
small businesses. A tourist season will start to be recognized.
3.Development- The area is now acknowledged as a tourist
destination. The host country may start to actively advertise and
develop the area.
4.Consolidation- The area retains its visitor numbers, although
increase in tourists may not be as rapid as before. Tensions may
develop between the locals and the tourists.
Butler's Tourism Area Life Cycle (1980)
5.Stagnation- The resort may show a decline in facilities, and

therefore a decline in tourist numbers. This is often down to
facilities becoming outdated and run-down, and receiving little
maintenance.
6.Rejuvenation- The area may receive funding or invest in itself in
order to rejuvenate and gain back its image. Visitor numbers may
start to increase again.
7.Decline- The area will continue to decline. The tourism industry
will decrease, resulting in job losses. The overall image of the
destination will be negatively impacted.
Cohen’s theories
4 typology of tourist
1.Organized mass tourist – these tourist travel in groups. They buy a
packaged tour which is arranged in advance by travel agent or a tour
operator.
2.Individual mass tourist – each member of the group has a certain degree
of control over his time and itinerary and is not bound to a group. He makes
his individual decision about his activities.
3.Explorer – such tourist arrange their own trip. They associate with the local
residents and try to speak the local language.
4.Drifters – these tourists avoid contact with other tourists. They stay with
the locals and share their food, shelter and habits. They are almost totally
immersed in the host culture. They retain only the most basic of their native
customs. They do not consider themselves as tourists.@

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TOURISM PLANNING

Domestic The destination and origin is the same

2. According to the length of stay – distance of the destination

Changes and Development Changes and Problems

5.Stagnation- The resort may show a decline in facilities, and

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