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    Refractiveerror 200625072525

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    Akshay Badore

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    Refractiveerror 200625072525

    Uploaded by

    Akshay Badore
    3 views18 pages

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    refractiveerror-200625072525

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    3 views18 pages

    Refractiveerror 200625072525

    Uploaded by

    Akshay Badore

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Refractive Error

    Refractive error means that the shape of your eye does not
    bend light correctly, resulting in a blurred image. The main
    types of refractive errors are myopia (nearsightedness),
    hyperopia (farsightedness), presbyopia (loss of near vision
    with age), and astigmatism.
    Refraction Means
    Refraction is the bending of light as it passes through
    one object to another. Vision occurs when light rays
    are bent (refracted) as they pass through the cornea and
    the lens. The light is then focused on the retina.
    The retina converts the light-rays into messages that
    are sent through the optic nerve to the brain. The brain
    interprets these messages into the images we see.
    Signs and Symptoms

     Blurred vision
     Double vision
     Haziness (uncleared)
     Glare or halos around bright lights
     Squinting
     Headaches
     Eye strain
    Risk factor / Etiology
    Genetics
     Marfan syndrome
     X-linked disorders
    Environmental
     Reading has also been found to be a
    predictor of myopia in children.
     Socioeconomic status and higher levels of education
    have also been reported to be a risk
    factor for myopia.
    Type
    s
    Myopia (nearsightedness)
    It is a condition where objects up close appear clearly,
    while objects far away appear blurry. For treatment use
    concave lens
    Hyperopia (farsightedness)
    People with hyperopia can usually see distant objects well,
    but have trouble focusing on nearby objects. For
    treatment use convex lens
    Astigmatism

    ⚫It is a condition in which the eye does not focus light


    evenly onto the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the
    back of the eye.

    ⚫This can cause images to appear blurry and stretched out.

    ⚫Cylindrical error occurs when the incoming light rays are


    unable to reach a common focus within the eye.

    ⚫Astigmatism distorts or blurs vision for both near and far


    objects.
    Presbyopia

    ⚫It is an age-related condition in which the ability to focus


    up close becomes more difficult.
    ⚫As the eye ages, the lens can no longer change shape
    enough to allow the eye to focus close objects clearly.
    When the flexibility of the lens declines, typically due to
    age.
    ⚫The individual would experience difficulty in near vision,
    often relieved by reading glasses, bifocal, or progressive
    lenses
    Diagnostic
    Evaluation
    Dilating Eye Drops
    Retinoscopy
    A hand held instrument called a retinoscope projects
    a
    beam of light into the eye. When the light is moved
    vertically and horizontally across the eye, the examiner
    observes the movement of the reflected light from the
    back of the eye.
    ⚫ This reflection is called red reflex. The examiner then
    introduces lenses in front of the eye and as the power
    of the lenses changes, there is a corresponding change
    in the direction and pattern of the reflection.

    ⚫ The examiner keeps changing the lenses until reaching


    a lens power that indicates the refractive error of the
    patient.
    Management
    ⚫Refractive errors can be corrected with
    eyeglasses, contact lenses, or surgery

    ⚫Eyeglasses are the simplest and safest way to


    correct refractive errors.
    Contact Lens
    ⚫In many cases, contact lenses provide clearer vision, a
    wider field of vision, and greater comfort. They are a safe
    and effective option if fitted and used properly.

    ⚫It is very important to wash your hands and clean your


    lenses as instructed in order to reduce the risk of infection.
    Refractive Surgery

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