3.5-Extracting Metals

Extracting Metals!
Learning Objective: How are metals extracted from ores?
Use the reactivity series

Predict pairs of to explain displacement
State what is mean by
substances that react in reactions. (include
displacement.
displacement reactions. example)
Keywords:
• natural
resources
• minerals
• ore
• extraction
Fantastic Fact!
We use awesome amounts of
ore. In 2010 world iron ore
production was 2400 million
tonnes.
China dug out 900 million

tonnes of this.
RECALL 1: Metal reactions
1. Magnesium reacting with hydrochloric acid
magnesium + hydrochloric acid → magnesium chloride + hydrogen
2. Zinc reacting with sulfuric acid
CHALLENGE: - write
Zinc + sulfuric acid → zinc sulfate + hydrogen
balanced formula equations
3. Iron reacting with nitric acid for reaction 4. and 5.
Iron + nitric acid → Iron nitrate + hydrogen 2Zn(s) +O2(g) → 2ZnO(s)
4. Zinc reacting with oxygen 2Cu(s) +O2(g) → 2CuO(s)
zinc + oxygen → zinc oxide
5. Copper reacting with oxygen copper + oxygen → copper oxide
6. Magnesium reacting with water magnesium + water → magnesium hydroxide + hydrogen

RECALL 2: Metal displacement reactions
Magnesium, Zinc, Lead, Copper
A reaction where a more reactive metal

displaces a less reactive metal from its
compound.
NO REACTION
Iron nitrate + gold
Potassium sulphate + copper
NO REACTION
DISCUSS: What is meant by the keyword ore?
How do you think that links in with our title for today’s lesson
“Extracting Metals”?
Watch the video carefully, and write down three facts about metal ores.
What is an ore?
The materials that make everything we use originally came from natural resources
in the Earth’s crust, atmosphere, or oceans. Natural resources act as raw
materials for making millions of products.
Many of the materials we use are metals. Most metals are found joined with other
elements in compounds. A few metals, such as gold, are found on their own.
Naturally occurring metals, and their compounds, are called minerals.
Iron ore
State the meaning of the keyword ore
An ore is a naturally occurring rock
that contains enough of a mineral to
make it worth getting the mineral –
and then the metal it includes – out of
the rock.
How are metals extracted from ores?
The extraction of a metal is the separation of the
metal from its compounds.
For example, there are two main stages in
extracting iron from its ore. These are:
1. Separate iron oxide from the compounds it is
mixed with.
2. Use chemical reactions to extract iron from
iron oxide.
The chemical reactions involve heating iron oxide
with charcoal. Charcoal is a form of carbon. It is
cheap, and easy to get hold of.
Describe two stages in extracting a metal from its ore.
CHALLENGE: Explain why iron oxide is heated with carbon.
EXTRACTION METHODS The method chosen for the extraction of a metal
depends on the reactivity of the metal.
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium Aluminium is ABOVE CARBON, so you
Magnesium cannot use carbon to get aluminium from
Aluminium aluminium oxide. Aluminium is more reactive
Carbon
than carbon. It is extracted from its ore by
ELECTROLYSIS.
Zinc
Iron
Tin Metals BELOW CARBON are extracted by
Lead heating them with carbon.
Copper
Silver These metals exist as the element itself. They
Gold do not form compounds because they are very
Platinum unreactive. They just need separating from the
substances it is mixed with by physical methods.
Which metal oxides react with carbon?
Carbon is a non-metal. But we can place it in the
reactivity series, between aluminium and zinc.
Any metal that is below carbon in the reactivity
series can be displaced from its compounds by
carbon.
For example, you can heat carbon powder with
copper oxide powder. Carbon displaces copper
from copper oxide:
Carbon + copper oxide → copper + carbon dioxide
C(s) + 2CuO(s) → 2Cu(s) + CO2(g)
Carbon + lead oxide →
lead + carbon dioxide
C(s) + 2PbO(s) → 2Pb(s) + CO2(g)
QUICK CHECK QUESTIONS
1. What is meant by an ore?
2. In what form are metals usually found in the Earth’s crust?
3. How do you extract iron from its ore?
CHALLENGE: Complete the following table
Type of metal Extraction process Examples

High reactivity (above
carbon)
Middle reactivity (below
carbon)
Low reactivity
ANSWERS:
1. A rock that you can extract a metal from is called an ore.
2. In the Earth’s crust, metals are joined to other elements, in compounds. In many of these
compounds the metal is joined to oxygen. These are called metal oxides. Most metal oxides
are mixed with other compounds in rock.
3. There are two main stages in extracting iron from its ore. These are:
1. Separate iron oxide from the compounds it is mixed with.
2. Use chemical reactions to extract iron from iron oxide.
The chemical reactions involve heating iron oxide with charcoal. Charcoal is a form of carbon.
Type of metal Extraction process Examples

High reactivity (above carbon) Electrolysis Alumininium
Middle reactivity (below Heating with carbon Iron
carbon)
Low reactivity Found in native state, separated from Gold
mixture of substances
SUMMARY QUESTIONS
1. Copy the sentences below, choosing the correct bold words.
An ore is a substance/rock that you can extract metal from.
Most metals exist in the Earth’s crust as compounds/elements.
These are joined to/mixed with other substances in ores. (3
marks).
2. Use the reactivity series to suggest whether magnesium is
extracted from its minerals by heating with carbon, or by
electrolysis. Justify your answer (2 marks).
CHALLENGE (You will need calculators):

1. A copper ore contains 6% of copper. Calculate the mass of
copper that a 100kg ore would contain.
2. A iron ore contains 8% of iron. Calculate the mass of iron
that a 200kg ore would contain.

3.5-Extracting Metals

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Extracting Metals!

Learning Objective: How are metals extracted from ores?

Use the reactivity series

China dug out 900 million

6. Magnesium reacting with water magnesium + water → magnesium hydroxide + hydrogen

Magnesium, Zinc, Lead, Copper

A reaction where a more reactive metal

Iron nitrate + gold

Potassium sulphate + copper

2. In what form are metals usually found in the Earth’s crust?

3. How do you extract iron from its ore?

CHALLENGE: Complete the following table

Type of metal Extraction process Examples

Type of metal Extraction process Examples

CHALLENGE (You will need calculators):

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