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Fundamentals of Drawing

The document discusses the fundamentals of engineering drawing including definitions, types of projections, scales, orthographic views, projection systems, drawing sheet sizes, placement of text on drawings, isometric projections, and conversions between orthographic and isometric projections.

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jeevan prasad
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25 views31 pages

Fundamentals of Drawing

The document discusses the fundamentals of engineering drawing including definitions, types of projections, scales, orthographic views, projection systems, drawing sheet sizes, placement of text on drawings, isometric projections, and conversions between orthographic and isometric projections.

Uploaded by

jeevan prasad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGINEERING DRAWING

FUNDAMENTALS
CONTENTS
1. Engineering Drawing Definition
2. Projection
3. First Angle Projection
4. Third Angle Projection
5. Multi views
6. Conversion of Isometric to orthographic
7. Conversion of orthographic to Isometric
ENGINEERING DRAWING

1. Engineering Drawing is a two dimensional


representation of a three-dimensional object
graphically.
1. The ability to read drawings is the most important
requirement of all technical people in engineering
profession.
Graphics
language
Describe a shape
(mainly).

Word
language
Describe size, location and
specification of the object.
1. The classification of Engineering Drawings include:
Building drawing, Machine drawing, Electrical
drawing etc.
2. Dimensions are indicated on the drawing to define
geometric characteristics such as lengths,
diameters, radii, angles and locations.
SCALE
1.All engineering drawings are prepared to some scale. The
scale adopted should be the largest possible one.
1.Full size scale,
2.Reducing scale and
3.Enlarging scale.
2.Full size scale 1:1, Reducing scale 1:2, Enlarging scale 50:1
Size in drawing Actual size

:
PROJECTION


A projection is defined as a representation of an
object on a two dimensional plane. There are
basically three types of projections.
1.Orthographic projection
2.Isometric projection
3.Perspective projection
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
A projection is said to be orthographic, when the point of
sight is imagined to be located at infinity, so that the rays
of sight are parallel to each other and intersect the plane
of projection at right angles to it.

Line of sight
Line of sight is an imaginary ray of
light between an observer’s eye and an object.

There are 2 types of LOS : parallel and converge

Parallel projection Perspective projection

Line of sight
Line of sight
Plane of projection is an imaginary flat
plane on which the image is created.
The image is produced by connecting the points where
the LOS pierce the projection plane.
Parallel projection Perspective projection

Plane of projection Plane of projection


Disadvantage of
Perspective
Projection
Perspective projection is not
used by engineer for manu-
facturing of parts, because

1) It is difficult to create.
2) It does not reveal exact
Width is distorted
shape and size.
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW

Orthographic projection technique can produce either


1. Multiview drawing
that each view show an object in two dimensions.

2. Axonometric drawing
that show all three dimensions of an object in one view.

Both drawing types are used in technical drawing for


communication.
Multiview
drawing Axonometric drawing
Drawing Sheet Sizes
A4
Trimmed paper of
a size A0 ~ A4. A3

Standard sheet size A2

A4 210 x 297
A1
A3 297 x 420
A2 420 x 594
A1 594 x 841
A0 841 x 1189
A0

(Dimensions in millimeters)
Example Placement of the text on drawing
Dimension & Notes

Notes Title Block


PROJECTION SYSTEMS
1. First angle system
- European country
- ISO standard First Quadrant

2. Third angle system


- Canada, USA,
Japan, Thailand

Third
Quadrant
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

1st angle system 3rd angle system


ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
1st angle system 3rd angle system

Folding
line


Folding
line
Folding
line


Folding
line
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
1st angle system 3rd angle system

Right Side View Front View Top View

Top View Front View Right Side View


PROJECTION SYMBOLS
First angle system Third angle system
ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS

Isometric projection
is a type of pictorial
projection in which
the three dimensions
of a solid are shown
in one view
CONVERSION OF ORTHOGRAPHIC
TO ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
CONVERSION OF ISOMETRIC
TO ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
CONVERSION OF ISOMETRIC
TO ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
Orthographic views of objects with either (i)
a line or (ii) lines missing are given below.
Complete the given views. Also draw
freehand, the isometric view of each object.
MACHINE DRAWING
PRODUCTION DRAWING
EXAMPLE : Interpreting detail drawing

1. Orthographic
views
2. Dimensions
& Tolerances
3. Surface
finishing

Title block
General note
Gen. tolerance Projection
Revision table
THANK YOU

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