THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL

HERITAGE
Presented by :
Carmina M. Punayo & Sheena Mae A. Salipong
Objectives :
1. Discuss the meaning of cultural
heritage.
2. Define dimensions of heritage.
3. Explain tangible and intangible
heritage.
 The Filipino Cultural Heritage
- Cultural Heritage, according to Republic Act 10066, or the National Cultural
Heritage Act of 2009, referred to “the totality of cultural property preserved and
developed through time and passed on to posterity.”
- The World Heritage Commission explains that “heritage is our legacy from the
past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations.”
- Cultural heritage protects our sense of who we really are.
- It gives us an undeniable association to the past – to certain social values,
convictions, traditions and conventions that permit us to recognize ourselves with
others and develop our sense of solidarity, having a place and national pride.
 What is Cultural Heritage?
Cultural heritage is an expression of the ways of
living developed by a community and pass on from
generation to generation including custom practices
places objects artistic expressions and values cultural
heritage is often expressed as either intangible or
tangible cultural heritage ( ICOMOS, 2002).
1. TANGIBLE
HERITAGE
A. NATURAL HERITAGE
-Environment
-Natural Landscape
-Landforms
-Coastal and Island Water Resources
-Flora And Fauna
-Terrestrial
-Marine
 B. MAN-MADE STRUCTURES
- Cultural Landscape
- Archaeological Sites
- Historic Urban Sites /Heritage Groups
- Monuments, Buildings, or Structures
 LIST OF TANGIBLE HERITAGE
1. Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park , Palawan
2. Banaue Rice Terraces, Ifugao Province, Cordillera
3. Historic City of Vigan, Ilocos Sur
4. Baroque Churches of the Philippines
5. Tubhatta Reefs Natural Park
6. Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary
7. Chocolate Hills
8. Philippine Eagle
9. Mayon Volcano
10. Rizal Park
- Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park lies near the Saint Paul
Mountain Range, 81 kilometers from the heart of Puerto Princesa City, but is
still within the boundaries of the city.
- The Park is a wide known natural wonder.
- It’s geological features are extraordinary, and the Subterranean River is said
to be the longest in the world measuring up to 8.2 kilometers.

Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park

- High within the farther ranges of the Philippine Cordillera mountain range,
researchers accept, slants have been terraced and planted with rice as distant back as
2,000 a long time.
- Mountains terraced into paddies that were still existing in changing states of
conservation are spread over most of the 20,000 square-kilometer arrive that's within
the Northern Luzon areas of Kalinga-Apayao, Abra, Benguet and Ifugao.
- The far-fetched location is found at elevations shifting from 700 to 1,500 meters over
the ocean level, where porches are cut into mountain inclines with forms that rise steeply.

Banaue Rice Terraces Ifugao Province Cordillera

- During the height of the Spanish colonial era in the 18th and 19th centuries, Vigan or Ciudad
Fernandina de Vigan was the third most important city after Manila and Cebu.
- It was the main point of Spanish colonial power in the northern Luzon. The range of structures
along the plazas and streets narrates the story of the town.
- The town is a testament to the Spanish colonialization, a place that exerts a strong cultural
influence on the modern Philippine nation.

Historic city of Vigan , Ilocos Sur

 Baroque Churches of the Philippines
• Four Baroque churches in the country were built during the Spanish period and all of
them were inscribed to the UNESCO World Heritage Site list.
• These baroque churches are all named as national treasures for their historical and
cultural significance.
• The four Baroque churches included in this list are Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte, Santa
Maria Church in Ilocos Sur, San Agustin Church in Manila, and Miagao Church in Iloilo

Paoay Church in Ilocos San Agustin Church in Manila Santa Maria Church in Ilocos Sur Miagao Church in Iloilo
Norte
- The Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park lies at the heart of the Sulu Sea, which is located
near Palawan.
- This natural park is a protected part of the Philippines -all 97,030 hectares of it. These
islands belong to the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park are uninhabited.
- It also a home for nesting sites for marine turtles and various species of birds.
Meanwhile, it is best known for its pristine coral reef system.

Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park

- Located in the Eastern Mindanao Biodiversity Corridor, the Mount Hamiguitan Range
Wildlife Sanctuary was enlisted into the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list in 2014 (the
latest among the sites on this list) for its natural importance.
- It is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna species.
- There are also several endangered and endemic species found within the sanctuary.

Mount Hamiguitan Range Sanctuary Wildlife

One of the home of old artifacts kept in Cebu and the oldest house in the city. The house made from 1730, except
the furniture inside. There are many antiques, relics, replicas and other old items from the past. They have kept
them for a long time for this is valuable in the future.
This house isn’t like any other house. It serves as a border stone to our past. It resembles our rich cultures and
traditions as well as our glory. Behind this museum lies a rich background on how Filipinos got influenced by
Christianity even if other missionaries were killed. Some international tourist such as the APEC delegates. Many
mysteries or artifacts may have been buried but in time people will discover it just like how the Jesuits came,
discovered and introduced Christianity to us Filipinos.

Jesuit House 1730

The origin for the conical karst of the Chocolate Hills is described in
popular terms on the bronze plaque at the viewing deck in Carmen,
Bohol. This plaque states that they are eroded formations of a type of
marine limestone that sits on top of hardened clay.
The Chocolate Hills are conical karst hills. These hills consist of Late
Pliocene to Early Pleistocene, thin to medium bedded, sandy to rubbly
marine limestone. These limestones contain the abundant fossils of
shallow marine foraminifera, coral, mollusks, and algae.

Chocolate Hills in Bohol Province

. It is considered to be one of the largest and most powerful among forest raptors. They are also listed as critically
endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with an estimated number of only 400 pairs left in
the wild.
• It only lays a single egg every two years. They wait for their offspring to make it on their own (usually within two years)
before producing another offspring.
• They typically nest on large dipterocarp trees like the native species Lauan.
• They can live up to 40+ years in captivity but probably much less in the wild
• The egg is incubated alternately by both eagle parents for about 58 – 60 days, with the male eagle doing most of the
hunting during the first 40 days of the eaglet’s life while the female stays with the young.

Philippine Eagle
- The volcano with its surrounding landscape was declared a national park on
July 20, 1938, the first in the nation. It was reclassified as a natural park and
renamed the Mayon Volcano Natural Park in 2000. It is the centrepiece of the
Albay Biosphere Reserve, declared by UNESCO in 2016, and is currently
being nominated as a World Heritage Site
- Mayon is the most active volcano in the Philippines, erupting over 52 times in
the past 500 years.Historical observations accounted its first eruption in
1616.The first eruption for which an extended account exists was the six-day
event of July 20, 1766.

Mayon Volcano
Still widely known as ‘Luneta’ (its name until the 1950s), Manila’s iconic central
park spread out over some 60 hectares of open lawns, ornamental garden, ponds,
paved walks and wooded areas, dotted with monuments to a whole pantheon of
Filipino heroes. As the place where Jose Rizal was executed by the Spanish
colonial authorities, it’s also of great historical significance. The Rizal Park Visitors
Centre provides a map detailing some 40 sites within the park.

Rizal Park
Magellan’s cross holds a very big part of the history of Cebu. It is
believed to be a Christian cross planted by the Portuguese and Spanish
explorers headed by Ferdinand Magellan. It was planted upon their
arrival in Cebu on March 15, 1521. That day also marked the birth of
Christianity in the land.

Magellan’s cross
2. Intangible Heritage
• Culture
-Traditions (Oral and Written)
- Customs
- Values
- Trade and skills
LIST OF INTANGIBLE HERITAGE
1. Susumaton
2. Tikum or Tikong
3. Epics
4. Hudhud
5. Darangen
6. Buklog
7. Ati-Atihan festival
8. Sinulog festival
9. Aklan piña handloom weaving
10. Tugging rituals and games
“ Susumaton” means a story that people like to tell and retell.
Many of these stories were explanations of the existence of things
or recollections of experiences and events from a fabled past.

Susumaton
Tikum or Tikong means. 'curved' in reference to his tail, while kadlum
is glossed as 'blackTikum Kadlum (Black Dog), Book I, tells about the
hunting spree of Datu Paiburong, the cutting of the prized buriraw nga
kawayan (a yellow-colored variety of bamboo), and the heavy
payment demanded by the man-eating monster, Makabagting, from
Datu Paiburong for the crashing of his prized burugsak (gold bell).

Tikum or Tikong
Philippine Folk Literature: The Epics is a 659-page book by Damiana L. Eugenio
that was published in 2001 by the University of the Philippines Press. It is the eighth
volume in the Philippine Folk Literature Series and contains 23 folk epics collected
from 14 ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines. The book includes an introductory
essay that discusses features of Philippine folk epics, such as their geographic
distribution, epic heroes, and the values and beliefs they express. The epics are
presented in English translation, with some of the original text included at the
beginning of each selection.

The Epics
The Hudhud consists of narrative chants traditionally performed by the Ifugao
community, which is well known for its rice terraces extending over the
highlands of the northern island of the Philippine archipelago. It is practised
during the rice sowing season, at harvest time and at funeral wakes and rituals.

Hudhud chants of the Ifugao

The Darangen is an ancient epic song that encompasses a wealth of knowledge of the Maranao
people who live in the Lake Lanao region of Mindanao. This southernmost island of the
Philippine archipelago is the traditional homeland of the Maranao, one of the country’s three
main Muslim groups. Comprising 17 cycles in a total of 72,000 lines, the Darangen celebrates
episodes from Maranao history and the tribulations of mythical heroes.

Darangen
Buklog is an elaborate thanksgiving ritual system of the Subanen, an indigenous people in the
southern Philippines. The head of a house family usually a village chief called ‘timuay’ plans the
ritual system to express gratitude to the spirits. The rituals ensure harmony among family, clan and
community members, as well as among the human natural and spiritual worlds. They include
asking the spirits for permission to gather materials from the forest, presenting coin offerings, and
inviting the spirits of the departed to feast, invoking spirits of water and land, and music and dance.

Buklog thanksgiving ritual system of the Subanen

The Ati-atihan festival is celebrated every January, culminating on the month’s third
Sunday. 800 years old, the festival is known as the oldest festival in the country and
the precursor to both Cebu's famous Sinulog festival and Iloilo’s Dinagyang all of
which are held today in honor of the Santo Niño a state of the Child Jesus). But
despite its Catholic affiliations today, the roots of this festival had nothing to do with
religion at all.

Ati-atihan festival
 The Sinulog festival is one of the grandest and most colorful festivals in the Philippines with a very
rich history. The main festival is held each year on the third Sunday of January in Cebu city to honor
the Santo Niño or the child Jesus who used to be the patron saint of the whole province of Cebu
(since in the catholic faith Jesus it’s not a saint but God). It is essentially a dance ritual which
remembers the Filipino people’s pagan past and their acceptance of Christianity.

Sinulog festival
Piña is a textile made from pineapple leaf fibres and woven using a
handloom. Farmers harvest the leaves of the pinya Bisaya, a specific
pineapple species, and extract the fibres by hand. The fibres are weighed
using a local unit of measurement and method involving old coins of
different denominations. The knowledge and skills of piña handloom
weaving are primarily passed on within families.

Aklan piña handloom weaving

Tugging rituals and games in the rice-farming cultures of East Asia and
Southeast Asia are enacted among communities to ensure abundant harvests
and prosperity. They promote social solidarity, provide entertainment and
mark the start of a new agricultural cycle. Many tugging rituals and games
also have profound religious significance. Most variations include two teams,
each of which pulls one end of a rope attempting to tug it from the other.

Tugging rituals and games

Thank You For Listening !
 References:
https://www.slideshare.net/NiaBiennaMarieMonter/philippine
-cultural-heritage

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=8
9978449&url=https://www.bmb.gov.ph/downloads/WRD/ref/
pe2020_brochure.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiGq5avhquGAxWbzD
gGHV74AOoQFnoECBsQBg&usg=AOvVaw1LRYCxogNgD
O7oeKNPmuzW

https://hive.blog/hive-163772/@jobeliever/
https://www.overdrive.com/media/2065747#:~:text=Tikum%
20Kadlum%20(Black%20Dog)%2C,prized%20burugsak%20
(gold%20bell)