q1 w2 - Lesson 1.2 - Philosophical Tools & Processes

LET’S
RECALL!
GAME KA
NA BA?
What tool is used to magnify small objects
observe an object at the cellular level, allowing
scientists to see the shape of a cell, its nucleus,
mitochondria, and other organelles?
ANSWER: MICROSCOPE
What tool is used as a light source outdoors, in
places without permanently installed lighting,
during power outages, or when a portable light
source is needed?
ANSWER: FLASHLIGHT
What term is used to describe the process in
the water cycle where the surface of a liquid
transforms into a gas?
ANSWER:
EVAPORATION
What tool or device is described as a three-legged
stand designed to support, stabilize and elevate a
camera, a flash unit, or other videographic or
observational/measuring equipment?
ANSWER: TRIPOD
What tool is used to measure
electrical voltage, current, and
resistance.
ANSWER: MULTIMETER
Lesson 2 -
Philosophical Tools
and Processes
Learning Competency/ies:
PPT11/12-Ib-1.2
Realize the value of doing philosophy in
obtaining a broad perspective on life
Objectives:
1. Differentiate the different philosophical tools and
processes
2. Explain the significance of using philosophical tools
and processes in doing philosophy.
▫ Philosophy uses reason to arrive at a certain
knowledge or truth.
▫ Greek philosophers gave us how to use our intellect
to understand realities around us. The tools that they
frequently utilized are the following:
1. Philosophical Questions. Philosophy was born
because of ignorance. If one is ignorant, he asks
questions and if he keeps on questioning the more
knowledge he acquires.
3
 In our daily struggles, one needs to ask

questions simple, serious and deep questions
that we have to cope with.
 A philosopher is like a child who has an
inquisitive mind who never stops asking
questions and finding answers.
4
▫ Simple Questions (influenced by curiosity

and sense of wonder):
1.What is this?
2.What does this do?
3.What’s your favorite movie?
4.How was you day at school?
5
▫ Serious Questions (influenced by our

experiences and circumstances):
1.What are your thoughts on climate change and its
impact on future generations?
2.How do I deal with difficult people?
3.How do you feel about the current state of
healthcare in our country?
6
▫ Deep Questions (influenced to search for

meaningful answers):
1. Where can one find true happiness?
2. Why do good people suffer?
3. What can we do to make the world a better place?
4. Why do I have to be a good person?
5. Is love worth giving up everything?
6. Do humans have free will, or are our actions determined by
external factors?
7
▫Socrates is considered the foremost

philosopher of ancient times.
▫ He is known for Socratic Method, an
argumentative dialogue between
individuals, of cooperative form
based on asking and answering
questions to stimulate critical
thinking
and to draw out ideas and underlying
assumptions.
8
Dialectics -term used to describe

method ofaphilosophical argument that
involves some sort of contradictory
process between opposing sides.
(Example: extension of MECQ or imposing
GCQ; life imprisonment or death penalty)
As a dialectical method, it is discourse

a
between two or more people holding
different points of view about a subject
but wishing to establish the truth
through reasoned arguments.
9
2. Logical Reasoning. In philosophy reasoning is the

process of thinking about something in a logical way
in order to form a conclusion or judgement. Reasoning
is the method we use in doing philosophy. All branches
of philosophy employ reasoning in explaining their
arguments.
Musical
Instruments
10
▫ One type of logical reasoning is the deductive reasoning:

Example: (Another ex. Mammals)
Premise 1: All human beings are mortal
Premise 2: But the President of the
Philippines is a
human being
Conclusion: Therefore, the President of the
Philippines is mortal.
Particular
DEDUCTIVE- argument-
General/Conclusion
Universal argument to Specific/
Example:
All students in this class play guitar.

Sam is a student of this class.
Therefore, Sam plays guitar.
Musical
Instruments
1
1
Inductive reasoning: begins with a particular/ specific

statement to universal/general argument
Example: (Another ex. Swan and Spicy Food)
Premise: Student A, B, C, D, E, F….. are wearing School
ID. Conclusion: Therefore, All students are wearing ID
INDUCTIVE- Particular/ Specific argument to

Universal
General/ argument- Conclusion
Example:
Every quiz has been easy.

Therefore, the test will be easy.
Comprehension Check
You engage in a philosophical dialogue with a colleague, exploring
opposing viewpoints and seeking a deeper understanding of the topic
Which philosophical process is at the core of this conversation?
A. Simple questions
B. Deductive reasoning
C. Dialectic
D. Serious questions
ANSWER: C. DIALECTIC

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LET’S

 In our daily struggles, one needs to ask

▫ Simple Questions (influenced by curiosity

▫ Serious Questions (influenced by our

▫ Deep Questions (influenced to search for

▫Socrates is considered the foremost

Dialectics -term used to describe

As a dialectical method, it is discourse

2. Logical Reasoning. In philosophy reasoning is the

▫ One type of logical reasoning is the deductive reasoning:

All students in this class play guitar.

Inductive reasoning: begins with a particular/ specific

INDUCTIVE- Particular/ Specific argument to

Every quiz has been easy.

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