Cycle 6 - Unit 3 - Book 2

Smart Choice
3rd Edition
PRESENT PERFECT
A class by Mr. Jean Paul Quiñonez

What is present perfect?
 I have finished my homework.
 José has stopped smoking.
 Our families have agreed on a meeting.
 My cat has ran away. A reference to

events at an
indefinite time
before now
How to use the present perfect
I-YOU-WE-THEY + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
HE-SHE-IT + HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE
 I have visited Cuzco many times.
 You haven’t drunk that coffee.
 She has done her homework.
 Maria has tried to call you.

INDEFINITE PAST STATEMENTS
y
Frequenc
ns to be
 We have always wanted to buy that house. expressio esent
pr
used with
perfect
 My sister has gone to the cinema twice this
week.
 How many times have you visited this

restaurant this week?
 I’ve been there three times so far.

Immediate past expressions
 They haven’t played any sports recently.
We refer to
the  I have gone dancing twice this month.
immediate
past but DO
NOT specify
when  There have been many electrical storms in the
area lately.
 Sofia has stayed home.

Regular vs. Irregular verbs In past
participle
Regular  Sleep slept
 Travel traveled  Cut cut
 Work worked  Go gone
 Live lived  Be been
 Stay stayed  Get gotten
 Like liked
Different from the simple past
Similar to the simple past
Irregular
 Have you traveled to Europe?
Yes, I have been there many times.
 We haven’t gotten any news from her.

We haven’t called her either.
 There hasn’t been any traffic problems downtown.

However, the police haven’t stopped doing their
job.
GO or BE? s a me
ot the n
You went to a place and you are still there.
N
n te ntio
i
• I have gone to my grandma’s house because she’s

been a little ill.
You went to a place and returned.
• My parents and I have been to Arequipa many times

this year.
Then, this is one use of the present
perfect
 We have tried to travel to Lima several

times.
 My family has bought a new car this

year.
Events referring to
 Have you ever visited Machu Picchu? the indefinite past or
a period of time until
now
Let’s analyze this:
 Have you ever visited Machu Picchu?
No, I haven’t. I have never been there.
You You
were are
born here
Since the time you were born, you haven’t visited Machu Picchu
That means that the situation remains the same for a period of time,
generally since a person was born, or in other cases since the situation
started to be like that.
HOWEVER
 Have you ever visited Machu Picchu?
Yes, I have. I went with my family last year.
You You
were are
born here
You were there last year.
That means that the situation had a time reference and a specific moment
in the past. So you have to refer to it using simple past.
Talking about the past
 My father worked for Interbank 20 years ago.
 You didn’t like fruit when you were a kid.
 Life was easier in the sixties.
Simple past is used

 Why did José leave the company last year? with a specific
Because he has other job opportunities. PAST TIME
EXPRESSION
Using the present perfect
 I have never danced Marinera.
 Has your mother ever cooked «Gaspacho» for you? Present

Perfect refers
No, she hasn’t. She hasn’t had the time. to an event
from a point
in the past
 Peruvians have never surrendered on their UP TO NOW
purposes.
 Have you ever drunk «Tequila»?

No, I haven’t drunk any liquor.
HAVE YOU EVER. . . ?
These question is used for getting information about something or
someone you don’t know.
 Have you ever written a poem?

No, I haven’t. I don’t know how to write poetry.
Yes, I have. I wrote a poem for my wife when I met her in 2010.
If the answer is positive, we have to use

simple past for default to specify when that
event took place.
Some more examples
 Have you ever traveled to Europe?

Yes, I went there for a business meeting in 2000 .
 Has Tom’s family ever come by for dinner?

No, they haven’t. We have never had them home.
 Have your grandparents ever gone snorkeling?

Yes, they have. They went snorkeling when they visited the
Mayan Riviera in 1998. They were young then.

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Smart Choice

A class by Mr. Jean Paul Quiñonez

 José has stopped smoking.

 Our families have agreed on a meeting.

 My cat has ran away. A reference to

I-YOU-WE-THEY + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

HE-SHE-IT + HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE

 I have visited Cuzco many times.

 You haven’t drunk that coffee.

 She has done her homework.

 Maria has tried to call you.

 How many times have you visited this

 I’ve been there three times so far.

 Sofia has stayed home.

 We haven’t gotten any news from her.

 There hasn’t been any traffic problems downtown.

• I have gone to my grandma’s house because she’s

You went to a place and returned.

• My parents and I have been to Arequipa many times

 We have tried to travel to Lima several

 My family has bought a new car this

You were there last year.

 You didn’t like fruit when you were a kid.

 Life was easier in the sixties.

Simple past is used

 Has your mother ever cooked «Gaspacho» for you? Present

 Have you ever drunk «Tequila»?

 Have you ever written a poem?

If the answer is positive, we have to use

 Have you ever traveled to Europe?

 Has Tom’s family ever come by for dinner?

 Have your grandparents ever gone snorkeling?

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