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CHE882Unit3 L13

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8 views8 pages

CHE882Unit3 L13

Uploaded by

akshatpathak04032002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chemistry and

consumer products
Gem, Jewellery and Ornaments
A gemstone or gem is a piece of mineral crystal, which, in cut and polished form,
is used to make jewelry.
Certain rocks or organic materials that are not minerals are also used for jewelry,
and are therefore often considered to be gemstones as well
Properties and Uses:
 Most gemstones are hard and shiny (some are soft).
 Gems are rare, that lends value to a gemstone
 Gemstones do vary considerably in their durability
 Health, superstitions, religion, social custom effects
 Eg:

Pearl (CaCO3)

Ruby (Corundum, Al2O3)

Sapphires (aluminium oxide (α-Al2O3)),


Topaz (Al2SiO4(F,OH)2)

Quartz (SiO2) etc.


How Gems are formed
1. Formation from water near the Earth's surface
Water near the Earth's surface interacts with minerals and dissolves them. If the
solution conditions change minerals will precipitate. A similar, familiar processes is
formation of salt crystals by evaporation of sea water. If the water has interacted with
silica-rich rocks (e.g quartz)

2. Metamorphic gems
Metamorphic rocks are rocks changed by heat, pressure, and interaction with
solutions (eg: garnet)

3. Magmatic gems
Some gems crystallize in magmas or in gas bubbles (holes) in volcanic rocks. E.g:
zircon, topaz, ruby, etc.
Which gemstone is produced by living organisms?

earl
apphire
asper
Synthetic, 'Cultured' or lab created
gemstones :

diamonds, rubies, sapphires and emeralds have
been manufactured in labs to possess identical
chemical and physical characteristics to the
naturally occurring variety.
 Synthetic (lab created) corundum, including
ruby and sapphire, are very common and they
cost only a fraction of the natural stones.
 Smaller synthetic diamonds have been
manufactured in large quantities in industrial ,
although larger gem-quality synthetic diamonds
are becoming available in multiple carats.
Diamond & Graphite are made up
from

A. boron
B. carbon
C. nitrogen
D. oxygen
Jewellery and Ornaments

Gold (Au)
Silver (Ag)
Platinum (Pt)

Generally gold (24-carat) is soft and can’t be used in making ornaments,


watches or coins. Hence mixed with like copper, silver and aluminum to make
it hard and to modify its colour.

 Gold writing is used for decorating


in book binding
 Silver is used as jewelry and table
ware
 Diamond, gems, pearls etc. are
studded in gold, silver or their alloy.

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