Exploring The Vernacularism of Himalayan Residence of Nepal: AR. Shamikshya Kandel AR. Pragati Baniya

Exploring the
Vernacularism of
Himalayan Residence of
Nepal
Submitted to:
AR. Shamikshya Kandel
AR. Pragati Baniya
Department of Architecture
Pokhara Engineering College
Phirke, Pokhara
Submitted by: Swastika Poudel

CONTENT
1. Introduction
2. Nepal at a Glance
3. Vernacular Architecture
4. Himalayan Region of Nepal
5. Architectural Features
6. Case Studies
7. Preservation Efforts
8. Contemporary Adaptations
9. Conclusion
10. Q&A
Introduction:
Vernacular architecture refers to traditional architectural styles that have evolved over time in a specific region, reflecting the
local climate, culture, and accessible materials. In Nepal's Himalayan area, vernacular architecture represents centuries of
cultural legacy and skill.
Importance of studying vernacular architecture

Understanding vernacular architecture reveals a region's history, culture, and ecology. It helps preserve indigenous building
techniques, fosters cultural identity, and offers sustainable solutions to modern challenges.
Purpose of the presentation

This talk will delve into the vernacularism of Himalayan houses in Nepal, examining the architectural heritage and
cultural significance buried in these structures.
Nepal at a Glance
Exploring the Vernacularism of Himalayan Residence of Nepal
• Nepal is home to diverse ethnic groups, languages,

and cultures.
• Population: Approximately 29 million as of 2078

census
• Architecture plays a significant role in Nepalese

culture, reflecting the country's history, traditions, and
beliefs.
• Traditional architecture is deeply rooted in religious

and spiritual practices, with temples, stupas, and
monasteries serving as architectural landmarks.
Cultural richness and diversity of Nepal reflected in traditional clothing .

Vernacular Architecture:
Characteristics of Vernacular Architecture
• Use of Local Materials
• Climate Responsiveness
• Cultural Relevance
• Adaptability and Evolution
Relationship between Vernacular Architecture and Culture
• Reflection of Local Identity
• Sustainable Practices
• Social Cohesion
• Preservation of Heritage
Overview of the Himalayan Region of Nepal:
Exploring Vernacular Architecture in Himalayan Region of Nepal
Geographic and Climatic Features
Terrain: Characterized by rugged mountains, deep valleys, and glaciers.
Altitude: Ranges from 2,000 meters to over 8,000 meters above sea level
.
Climate: Varies with altitude; lower regions have temperate conditions, while higher
regions experience alpine and arctic climates, with harsh winters and heavy snowfall.
Influence on Architectural Styles
Material Use: Predominantly stone and wood due to availability and durability against harsh
weather.
Structural Design: Thick walls and small windows to provide insulation against the cold.
Roofing: Sloped roofs to prevent snow accumulation and potential roof collapse.
Cultural Integration: Incorporates local religious and cultural motifs, often reflecting Buddhist
influences in design and decoration.
Architectural Features
Exploring Vernacular Architecture in Himalayan Region of Nepal
Roof Styles and Materials
Sloped Roofs: Due to the scarcity or even total absence of rainfall roofs of
vernacular houses in alpine climate are generally flat
Materials: locally available material, the roofs are typically made of stone
and mud laid on a timber post and beam structure.
Structural Elements
Thick Stone Walls: Insulate against cold, use local stone, durable and
thermally efficient.
Wooden Frames and Beams: Provide structural support, use local timber,
feature intricate carvings.
Small Windows: Minimize heat loss, enhance energy efficiency, suited for
high-altitude climate.
Building stories and internal space arrangement
At Least Two Stories: Typical for mountain houses in Nepal.
Vertical Space Arrangement: Organized vertically within the house.
Ground and Top Floors: Assigned to secondary use, act as thermal buffers.
Ground Floor: Used for housing animals.
Manang: Closed courtyards protect from cold and strong winds.
Mustang: Narrow streets and high walls shield against wind.
Flat Roofs: Form terraces for outdoor activities on sunny days.
Thakali Shelters: Small courtyards in dense settlements allow daylight into

inner rooms.
Semi-Open Areas: Provide space for outdoor work during the day.
Case Studies
Exterior:
Located in Jomsom, Om’s Home has a rich historic legacy. In 1976, it was constructed in the traditional style with the soul of Mustang reflected in
every element of the architecture. This four-decade-old building was later renovated to retain and reflect its original design while assuring perfect
comfort and a home away from home for hotel guests.
Case Studies
Interior:
Preservation Efforts:
Challenges Facing Traditional Architecture

Modernization: Preference for modern materials and techniques threatens
traditional practices.
Natural Disasters: Earthquakes and other calamities endanger vernacular
structures.
Importance of Preservation and Sustainability

Cultural Heritage: Maintains the cultural identity and heritage of the
Himalayan region.
Environmental Benefits: Utilizes sustainable, locally sourced materials
adapted to the local climate.
Initiatives for Conservation and Restoration

Heritage Protection: Legal protection and funding for heritage-listed
structures.
Educational Programs: Inclusion of traditional architecture in curricula to
raise awareness.
Contemporary Adaptations
Modern Influences:
Contemporary Himalayan architecture in Nepal integrates modern materials

and construction techniques while maintaining traditional design elements.
This includes the use of concrete and steel alongside wood and stone to
enhance durability and resilience against earthquakes.
Examples of Contemporary Interpretations:
New structures often incorporate large windows and open spaces for natural
light and ventilation, blending traditional motifs with minimalist aesthetics.
Balancing Tradition with Functionality and Aesthetics:
Architects strive to preserve cultural heritage by incorporating traditional

carvings, roof styles, and layout designs, ensuring that modern buildings
respect historical aesthetics while offering improved functionality and
sustainability.
Conclusion:
Q&A
Open floor for questions and discussions

THANKY
OU!

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Exploring the

Submitted by: Swastika Poudel

Importance of studying vernacular architecture

Purpose of the presentation

• Nepal is home to diverse ethnic groups, languages,

• Population: Approximately 29 million as of 2078

• Architecture plays a significant role in Nepalese

• Traditional architecture is deeply rooted in religious

Cultural richness and diversity of Nepal reflected in traditional clothing .

Characteristics of Vernacular Architecture

• Use of Local Materials

• Adaptability and Evolution

Relationship between Vernacular Architecture and Culture

• Reflection of Local Identity

Geographic and Climatic Features

Terrain: Characterized by rugged mountains, deep valleys, and glaciers.

Roof Styles and Materials

At Least Two Stories: Typical for mountain houses in Nepal.

Vertical Space Arrangement: Organized vertically within the house.

Ground Floor: Used for housing animals.

Manang: Closed courtyards protect from cold and strong winds.

Mustang: Narrow streets and high walls shield against wind.

Flat Roofs: Form terraces for outdoor activities on sunny days.

Thakali Shelters: Small courtyards in dense settlements allow daylight into

Challenges Facing Traditional Architecture

Importance of Preservation and Sustainability

Initiatives for Conservation and Restoration

Contemporary Himalayan architecture in Nepal integrates modern materials

Examples of Contemporary Interpretations:

Balancing Tradition with Functionality and Aesthetics:

Architects strive to preserve cultural heritage by incorporating traditional

Open floor for questions and discussions

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