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    Choke

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    hossanathomas22

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    Choke

    Uploaded by

    hossanathomas22
    5 views20 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    5 views20 pages

    Choke

    Uploaded by

    hossanathomas22

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    Problems of the Esophagus

    In cattle and horse

    DAHP 1 YEAR 2015


    Normal Anatomy
    Common and not so common problems

    • Choke – esophageal obstruction with


    feed material
    • Foreign body obstruction/irritation
    • Esophagitis
    • Megaesophagus
    • Congenital Disorders
    Early Signs of Choke
    • Excess drooling of saliva and feed
    material or froth
    • Saliva and feed material from
    nostrils
    • Extend head and neck

    • Restless behavior

    • Attempt to drink

    • Cough, retching
    Other Signs of Choke

    • Partial choke – signs may occur on and off


    depending on diet
    • Long term or recurrent choke – depression,
    dehydration, weight loss
    Esophageal Obstruction
    • Common types of obstruction material:
    – Pelleted feed, corncobs, grain, hay, pieces of fruit,
    boluses
    – Wood shavings and other foreign bodies
    • In dogs bone pieces, tennis are common foreign
    bodies encountered
    Esophageal Obstruction

    • Common sites of obstruction:

    – Esophageal opening (retropharyngeal LN)

    – Mid cervical region

    – Thoracic inlet

    – Terminal Esophagus
    Potential areas
    of obstruction!
    What can you do?
    • Not an immediate emergency, but can be life
    threatening due to complications
    • Assist the patient or call a veterinarian
    immediately
    • Remove all feed and water

    • Put the animal in cool, warm environment


    Initial Examination and Treatment

    • Complete physical exam

    • Sedation

    • Passage of a nasogastric tube to identify obstructed

    location in horse and stomach tube in cattle

    • Lavage of esophagus with head down


    Further Examination

    • Endoscopy of the esophagus

    • Radiographs of the neck area with and without

    contrast

    • Ultrasound examination of neck region

    • Radiographs of the lungs


    Treatment
    • Tranquilization and relaxation of esophagus for
    lavaging
    • Intravenous fluids and electrolytes in more severe
    cases
    • No oral intake for 24 hours

    • NSAIDs

    • Antibiotics for aspiration pneumonia


    Prognosis
    • Good in most cases (< 24 hours duration)
    • Prognosis depends on length and duration time
    in which obstructing material remains in
    esophagus
    • Note: Endoscopic evidence of esophageal ulcer
    24 hours is general concern
    Complications of Choke

    • Dehydration

    • Electrolyte imbalances

    • Aspiration pneumonia

    • Upper airway irritation and inflammation


    Complications of Choke

    • Esophagitis

    • Motility disorders = megaesophagus

    • Esophageal ulcers and stricture

    • Esophageal rupture or tear


    Prevention
    • Proper dental care

    • Good quality hay or feed

    • Rapid eaters

    – Feed separately, place large object in grain bucket to

    slow down eating


    Cont..
    • Older horses or horses with previous choke

    – Avoid dry pelleted feeds and beet pulp – expand

    when wet. Moisten these prior to feeding.

    • Avoid hay cubes or large fibrous horse treats if new to

    horse

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