Susan Final PPT-1

CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD.
Topic: TISSUE ENGINEERING - ARTIFICIAL SKIN
NAME: N. SUJAN PRARDHANA

ROLL NO: 22031G0325
COURSE: M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY III SEMESTER
TISSUE
ENGINEERING :
ARTIFICIAL SKIN
SYNOPSIS-
 Introduction
 Artificial skin
 Invention
 Structure of human skin
 Importance of skin
 Biomaterials
 Methods to produce artificial skin
 Application
 Problems
 Future development
 Conclusions
 reference
INTRODUCTION-
◦ • Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and
suitable biochemical and physio-chemical factors to improve or replace biological functions.
STRUCTURE OF HUMAN SKIN -
IMPORTANCE OF SKIN-
ARTIFICIAL SKIN-
• Artificial skin is a synthetic (laboratory produced) substitute for human skin.
• Artificial skin is a collagen scaffold that induces regeneration of skin in mammals such as humans.
The term was used in the late 1970s and early 1980s to describe a new treatment for massive
burns.
• The first synthetic skin was invented by John F. Burke, chief of trauma services at Massachusetts General
hospital, and Ioannis V. Yannas, (MIT) in Cambridge.
• Using collagen fibers and a long sugar molecules, they formed a porous (full of small holes) material
resembling skin.
WHAT IS IT ?
◦ • About thirty years ago, surgeons determined that badly burned skin should be
removed as quickly as possible, followed by immediate and permanent
replacement of the lost skin.
◦ • Doctors are able to take a postage stamp-sized piece of skin from the patient
and grow the skin under special tissue culture conditions.
◦ • From this small piece of skin, technicians can grow enough skin to cover
nearly the entire body in just 3 weeks.
WHY IT IS NEEDED?
• When skin is damaged or lost due to injury or burns, bacteria and other
microorganisms have easy access to warm, nutrient rich body fluid.
• To treat a burn skin, surgeons first remove the burned skin and then quickly
cover the underlying tissue, usually with a combination of laboratory-grown
skin cells and artificial skin.
BIOMATERIALS-
◦ ECM is used as biomimetic update materials and is obtained from natural materials and also
those manufactured synthetically,
◦ e.g natural materials include fibronectin, collagen, chitosan, hyaluronan, polypeptides,
hydroxyapatites, glycosaminoglycan, and alginates.
• Natural materials- a number of natural materials have excellent properties that have led to
their use in skin tissue engineering because of similar cellular properties to human skin tissues,
including those pertaining to adhesion and infiltration . Biomaterials such as collagen are
characterized by low mechanical strength, good biocompatibility, and low antigenicity.
• Synthetic materials- polymers have several advantages for the production of tissue
engineering scaffolds, including
(1) known composition (2) can be tailored to minimize immunological responses and provide a
range of nerve prostheses by combining different copolymers in various proportions e.g synthetic
materials include polylactide co-glycolide, polylactide and polyglycolide hydrogel.
• Biodegradable materials are preferred as tissue engineering scaffolds since they degrade while the new
tissue forms.
• Another requirement is that the carrier material and the degradation
Products should be biocompatible so that no adverse body reaction occurs.
MANUFACTURE PROCESS OF
ARTIFICIAL SKIN-
◦ (1) Mesh scaffolding method –
Scaffold Fabrication : In this method, synthetic or natural polymer meshes are used to create the scaffold
structure. Synthetic polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) or polyglycolic acid (PGA), or natural polymers like
collagen or fibrin, are commonly used.
The scaffold is designed to have an interconnected network of pores and channels that can support cell
attachment, migration, and nutrient exchange.
This can be done using various techniques such as electrospinning, 3D bioprinting, or solvent casting.
Cell Culture Preparation: Cells are cultured in vitro, typically using cell culture techniques. These cells
can be derived from the patient's own tissues (autologous) or from cell lines. The cells are expanded to reach the
desired quantity for seeding onto the scaffold.
Cell Seeding: Skin cells, such as keratinocytes and fibroblasts, are seeded onto the surface of the
scaffold. These cells can be obtained from the patient's own skin biopsy or from cell culture.
Cells are then seeded onto the scaffold using various methods such as pipetting, spraying, or immersion.
Incubation: After seeding, the scaffold with attached cells is placed in an incubator to provide optimal
conditions for cell growth and attachment. This typically includes maintaining appropriate temperature,
humidity, and gas concentration (e.g., CO2 levels).
.
◦ Cell Growth and Differentiation: Once seeded onto the scaffold, the cells proliferate and differentiate to form
the different layers of the skin. Keratinocytes migrate and proliferate to form the epidermal layer, while
fibroblasts produce extracellular matrix proteins like collagen and elastin to build the dermal layer.
◦ Maturation and Integration: The engineered skin construct is cultured under controlled conditions to allow
for tissue maturation and development of functional properties. During this time, the cells organize and align
within the scaffold, and the scaffold material may degrade to allow for tissue remodeling.
◦ Transplantation or Application: Once the artificial skin has matured, it can be transplanted onto a patient's
wound or used for research purposes. The transplantation process may involve securing the engineered skin
graft onto the wound site and providing appropriate post-transplant care to support tissue integration and
healing.
◦ This can be done using surgical techniques such as suturing, stapling, or adhesive bonding
◦ Post-Transplant Care: After transplantation, the patient is closely monitored for signs of rejection, infection,
or other complications. Post-operative care may include pain management, antibiotic therapy, and regular
wound dressing changes.
◦ (2) COLLAGEN METHOD-
◦ Collagen Sourcing: Collagen can be sourced from various natural sources, including bovine
(cow), porcine (pig), or avian (chicken) sources, as well as from recombinant or synthetic
methods. The collagen is typically purified to remove impurities and ensure biocompatibility.
◦ Collagen Scaffold Formation: The collagen is processed into a scaffold, either as a gel,
foam, or sheet, depending on the desired application. The scaffold is designed to have a porous
structure that can support cell attachment, migration, and proliferation.
◦ Cell Seeding: Skin cells, such as keratinocytes and fibroblasts, are seeded onto the
surface or within the collagen scaffold. These cells can be obtained from the patient's
own skin biopsy or from cell culture.
◦ Cell Growth and Differentiation: Once seeded onto the collagen scaffold, the cells
proliferate and differentiate to form the different layers of the skin. Keratinocytes migrate
and proliferate to form the epidermal layer, while fibroblasts produce extracellular matrix
proteins like collagen and elastin to build the dermal layer’
◦ .Maturation and Integration: The engineered skin construct is cultured under controlled
conditions to allow for tissue maturation and development of functional properties. During
this time, the cells organize and align within the collagen scaffold, and the collagen matrix
provides structural support and promotes tissue remodeling.
◦ Transplantation or Application: Once the artificial skin has matured, it can be

transplanted onto a patient's wound or used for research purposes. The transplantation
process may involve securing the engineered skin graft onto the wound site and providing
appropriate post-transplant care to support tissue integration and healing.
CASE STUDY-
APPLICATION -
• Artificial
skin is used to restores the depth and elasticity of the skin through
restoration of the dermis with no significant morbidity.
• reduced inflammatory response and subsequent scarring.
• Alternatives to animal testing and regulations .
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT-
◦  Growing skin from stem cells in human hair
◦  Producing a fully functional, lab produced artificial skin graft.
◦  Creating an automated production line process for manufacture.
REFERENCES-
• https://www.google.com/search?q=collagen+method+in+artificial+skin&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiYwIDP09KEAxV2SWwGHa-
TCsgQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq&gs_lp=EgNpbWciACoCCAIyBxAjGOoCGCcyBxAjGOoCGCcyBxAjGOoCGCcyBxAjGOoCGCcyBxAjGOoC
GCcyBxAjGOoCGCcyBxAjGOoCGCcyBxAjGOoCGCcyBxAjGOoCGCcyBxAjGOoCGCdI6y1Q3QZY7hFwAXgAkAEEmAHgA6
ABhQ6qAQcyLTQuMS4xuAEByAEA-
AEBigILZ3dzLXdpei1pbWeoAgrCAgQQIxgniAYB&sclient=img&ei=xpLhZZjFKfaSseMPr6eqwAw&bih=732&biw=1482&client=
opera&hl=en
• https://www.google.com/search?client=opera&sca_esv=f032846a98b531f9&sca_upv=1&hl=en&sxsrf=ACQVn0-qW-
iCiKbQj4zmbDo1scrMG0c0mA:1709281814395&q=applications+of+artificial+skin&tbm=isch&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=2a
hUKEwjqo_j60tKEAxVt2DQHHRZXDlcQ0pQJegQIDBAB&biw=1482&bih=732&dpr=1.25
• https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/artificial-skin-overview
• https://www.google.com/search?
sca_esv=a7c4cc63e26e5a70&sxsrf=ACQVn09LY8U3hL9qCKVyvG3A_Z3Xmp0n2A:1709342444394&q=disadvantages+of+
artificial+skin&tbm=isch&source=lnms&prmd=isvnbmtz&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwju-
MnptNSEAxWL9zgGHUHVDucQ0pQJegQIDRAB&biw=1280&bih=585&dpr=1.5
THANKYOU!

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CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Topic: TISSUE ENGINEERING - ARTIFICIAL SKIN

NAME: N. SUJAN PRARDHANA

◦ Transplantation or Application: Once the artificial skin has matured, it can be

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