Bibliography

Bibliography
Basics
Compilation
Definition
• Greek words- biblion (book) + graphien (to write)
• Means a list of documents, including books, journal

articles, theses, websites, reports, newspapers etc.,
arranged in a systematic order.
• Oxford English Dictionary defines the bibliography as

systematic description and history of books, their
authorship, printing, publishing, editions, etc.
Types of Bibliography
Systematic or enumerative bibliography
Analytical or Critical bibliography
Descriptive or Annotated bibliography
Subject bibliography
Parts of a bibliography
• Bibliographic descriptors/ details
Author
Title
Publisher
Date of publication
Place of publication
Pages
Additional information
URL
-contd-
• Format
In-text citation (author, year, pages, serial number)
Reference list/ bibliography
Format includes style/procedure of
writing the bibliographic descriptors/details in ‘In-
text citation’ and ‘Reference list/bibliography’. It
includes punctuation, italics, abbreviations,
capitalization, order of descriptors, hanging
indentions, use of parenthesis, etc.
• Arrangement
Different styles of writing
bibliography
• APA (American Psychological Association) style
• MLA (Modern Language Association) style
• Harvard style
• Chicago style
• CSE (Council of Science Editors) style
PAU guidelines
In-text citations
• Surname (Year of publication)- beginning of a sentence.
• (Surname year of publication)- middle or end of a sentence.
• Examples
 Sidhu (2011) or (Sidhu 2011)
 Lawn and Jorden (1997) or (Lawn and Jorden 1997)
 Mahajan et al (2009) or (Mahajan et al 2009)
 Kumar (2003) and Dutta and Bera (2008) or (Kumar 2003
and Dutta and Bera 2008)
 Kumar (2003), Jorden (2001) and Dutta and Bera (2008) or
(Kumar 2003, Jorden 2001 and Dutta and Bera 2008)
Bibliography/ References
Book
Anonymous (2011) Package of Practices for Rabi Crops.
Pp: 23-26. Punjab Agricultural University,
Ludhiana.
Bewley J D and Black M (1982) Plant Responses to
Abiotic Stresses. Preira L (tr). Pp. 274-79. Oxford
University Press Inc, New York.
FAO/WHO/UNU (2004) Human Energy Requirements.
Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert
Consultation, Rome.
Article in a journal
Bisla G, Archana and Bansal L (2009) Relationship
between different anthropometric indicators of
obesity and percent body fat. Ind J of Nutr Dietet
46: 447-53.
Bose K, Bisai S, Chakraborty F, Khatun A and Bauri H
(2008) Body composition of two tribal
populations of Keonjhar, Orissa, India: A
comparison. Int J Bio Anthropol 11 (supple 1).
Book chapter
Cheema P S, Kang K S and Verma J (1999) Age, gender
and muscular strength. In: Alexander N J, Chu
H and Peterson H (eds) Nutrition, Ageing and Ill
Health. Pp 143-55. John Wiley Inc, New York.
Cummins D S (2009) Sperm size, body mass and
reproduction in mammals. In: Thompson J (ed.)
The Sperm Cell. Pp 395-99. Elsevier, The Hague.
Abstracts
Bashir R, Norman R J, Bacon R K and Wells B R (1997)
Accumulation and redistribution of fertilizer
nitrogen-15 in soft red winter wheat. Soil Sci Soc
Amer J 61:1387-92 (Original not seen. Abstr in
Biological Abstracts, 104 :Entry No. 166249, 1997).
El Hassen S M, Newbold C J and Wallace R J (1993) The
effect of yeast culture on rumen fermentation.
Anim Prod 56:463 (Abstr).
Thesis and Technical Bulletins
Baring P (2003) Efficacy of neutraceuticals in ameliorating
the risk of coronary heart disease. Ph. D, dissertation.
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
Chandla, H (2005) Nutrition profile of vegetarian and non-
vegetarian postmenopausal women. M. Sc. thesis,
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
Murthy T V, Pakhale J D and Parmar B N (2009) Nutritive Value
of Indian Cattle Feeds and Feeding of Animals: Tech
Bull 24, 9th edn. Pp 1-345. Indian Council of Agricultural
Research, New Delhi.
Symposium/Conference proceeding
Borman P (2003) Use of CeRA in agricultural
universities. A case study of Punjab Agricultural
University. Proc 2nd Digital Libraries Symp. pp 23-
31. University of Kashmir, Srinagar.
Deshpande S R and Chaturvedi B K (2010) A preliminary
study on the proteins found in the epididymal
fluid of the goat. Proc of 5th Purdue Univ
Research Sessions. Vol 4, Part II, pp 123-34, Purdue
Univ, Purdue.
Online reference
Anonymous (2011) Health assessment guidelines of
University of California, California
http://www.uoc.edu.au/hr/healthsafety
Kumaran S and Verma A (2010) Pest control. UF/IFAS
EDIS Document ENY 2 http://www.uf.ifas.edis/hr
Patents
Henry J and Johnson P (2004) Nutrition scales.
U. K. Patent, 123454
Arrangement
• Alphabetical by surname of the author with
hanging indentions
• More than one reference by same author is to
be arranged alphabetically wrt second/
subsequent author(s)
• More than one reference by same author(s) is
to be arranged alphabetically wrt year of
publication
-contd-
• More than one reference by same author(s) and
year of publication , examples
– Sharma A and Bhatia D (2005a) Data mining. Lib
Herald 55: 11-13.
– Sharma A and Bhatia D (2005b) Libray 2.0. Lib
Trends 54: 101-13.
Assignment
• Prepare a bibliography of atleast three books,
book chapters, journal articles, abstracts,
conference proceedings, theses and online
source each (ie., total references atleast 21);
on the topic of your research as per PAU
guidelines. Also give call number as well as
accession number of each reference.
• Last date of submission 26th May, 2014.
Any queries

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Bibliography

• Means a list of documents, including books, journal

• Oxford English Dictionary defines the bibliography as

Analytical or Critical bibliography

Descriptive or Annotated bibliography

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