PERCENTAGES

Percent
● Calculating percentages is a basic skill.
● Every day we deal with data which becomes meaningful if we convert the figures into
percentage.
● By per cent, we mean “out of 100”.
Example:
If a student gets 27 marks out of 40, and another gets 35 out of 60, can we say that the
second student is smarter?
We need to know how many marks they have got if the base was 100, so that the figures are
comparable.
Basic Concepts
Concept 1: Conversion from fraction to percent and vice versa.
1. Fraction to percent: Multiply the fraction by 100
0.2 = 0.2 * 100 = 20%
3/8 = 3/8 *100 = 37.5%
2. Percent to Fraction: Divide the percent by 100
40% = 40/ 100 = 0.4
55% = 55/100 = 0.55
Basic Concepts
Concept 2: Increase or Decrease of a quantity
%increase/decrease= (Quantity inc or dec / original quantity)* 100
Example: The salary of a man goes up from Rs. 100 to Rs. 125. What is the percentage
increase in the salary?
Solution:
Increase = 125-100 = Rs. 25
Therefore, % increase = 25/100 * 100% = 25%
Basic Concepts
Concept 3: Increase and Decrease by the same Percentage
Example:
A Shopkeeper marks up his goods by 20% but then to encourage sales, reduces the price by
20%. By doing so, he makes a profit and loss of:
1. 0% 2. 4% profit 3. 4% loss
Basic Concepts
Concept 4: Successive Discounts

If successive discounts are made, then each successive discount must be calculated on the
discounted price. Do not make the mistake of adding the discounts.

Example: A retail chain gives a discount of 50% and then to increase sales offers another 40% off.
By doing this, it has effectively reduced prices by:
1. 90% .10% 3. 20% 4. 70%
Basic Concepts
Concept 5: Compound Growth

Typically compound growths are used in investment growth analysis or in population growth
(things like cattle population, production output, and growth).

If P is the population of a country and if it grows at r% per annum, then the population after n
years will be: A = P[(100+r)/100]n

Example: A bank offers fixed deposit at 10% per annum. What will be the value of Rs. 10, 000
after 3 years?
Points to remember:
1. If the price of a commodity increases by R%, then the reduction in consumption so as not to
increase the expenditure is [100*R/(100+R)] %
2. If the price of a commodity decreases by R%, then the increases n consumption so as not to
decreases the expenditure is [100*R/(100-R)] %
3. Value of machine after n years = P(1-R/100)n
4. If A is R% more than B, then B is less than A by [100*R/(100+R)] %
5. If A is R% less than B, then B is more than A by [100*R/(100-R)] %
PERCENTAGES - Exercise
Calculate the below:

1. 42.85% of 847

2. 44.44% of 927

3. 45.44% of 540
If the salary of a person is first increased by 10% and then decreased by 10%, what will be
the overall percentage change in the salary?

A. 1% decrease
B. 1% increase
C. 4% increase
D. 4% decrease
The height of A is 50% more than the height of B. The height of B is how much percentage
less than the height of A?

A. 30%
B. 16.67%
C. 33.33%
D. 50%
The salary of A is 40% more than the salary of B. The salary of B is how much percentage
less than the salary of A?

A. 16.66%
B. 28.57%
C. 33.33%
D. 14%
A's salary is 20% more than B. B's salary is 30% more than C. C's salary is 50% more than D.
By how much percentage is A's salary more than D's salary?

A. 34%
B. 150%
C. 134%
D. 120%
B's salary is 20% more than A. B's salary is 30% less than C. C's salary is 50% more than D.
By how much percentage is D's salary more than A's salary?

A. 18.72%
B. 15%
C. 14.28%
D. 20%
In a village 70% of the population are males. 60% of the females are illiterate. 10% of the
literate women are employed. If total number of employed women is 2400, find the total
population of the village?

A. 200000
B. 100000
C. 150000
D. 250000
20% increase in the price enables a person to buy 6 oranges less for Rs.180. Find the
original price of a dozen of oranges?

A. Rs.60
B. Rs.72
C. Rs.84
D. Rs.108
30% decrease in price enables a person to buy 6 apples more for Rs.280. Find the new price
for each apple?

A. Rs.14
B. Rs.20
C. Rs.36
D. Rs.24
In a class 60% of the students passed in Mathematics. 30% passed in Science. 10% passed in
both the subjects. Find the percentage of students who failed in exactly one subject, but not in
both the subjects?

A. 50%
B. 80%
C. 20%
D. 70%
In a class of 60 students, 45 students like music, 50 students like dancing, 5 students like
neither. Then The number of students in the class who like both music and dancing is

A. 35
B. 40
C. 50
D. 55
AB de Villiers smashes 86 runs against Australia in 16 balls. If he only scored in
boundaries(fours and sixes) only, then find the maximum percent of runs he scored by hitting
fours.

A. 23.25%
B. 26.4%
C. 74.5%
D. 28%
On a Big Billion day sale ,Google flagship mobile phone was available at a discount of 20%
on Flipkart. The customers who are purchasing for the first time on Flipkart will get
additional cashback of 10 % on the billing amount. Suraj being 1st time user of Flipkart
purchases the mobile phone for Rs. 36000, find the actual cost price of the mobile phone.

A. Rs. 50000
B. Rs. 45000
C. Rs. 52250
D. Rs. 47250
A dishonest salesman buys x% more grains than what he pays for ,while selling he
uses counterfeit weight which measures 800 grams for every 1000 grams. If he sells
the item at 10% above the cost price and earn an overall profit of 65%, then find the
value of x.

A. 20%
B. 25%
C. 35%
D. 15%
Rahim spent 10% of his yearly income on house rent, 14% on buying a new car, 12%
on kids’ school. He spent 15% and 10% of the remaining on groceries and vacation in
Spain. If he saved Rs.518400 in the entire year, then find his monthly salary?

A. Rs. 98000
B. Rs. 108000
C. Rs. 90000
D. Rs. 136000
The speed ratio of A, B and C is 5 : 4 : 3. All of them start running together on a track and match their
respective wrist watches when they finish the race. C completes the race in 20 min. When B finishes the
race the wrist watch of A shows 7:27PM. When C finishes the race his watch shows 7:30 PM and the wrist
watch of B shows 7:16PM. At the start of the race what is the difference between the time in the wrist
watch of A and B?

A. 15 min
B. 16 min
C. 12 min
D. 6 min
Monthly incomes of A and B are Rs. 42600 and Rs. 48500 respectively. A spends 29%, 17% and 42% of
his total income in food, rent and other expenses respectively while B spends 24%, 19% and 38% of his
total income in food, rent and other expenses respectively and the rest of the amount is saved by both of
them. Find the difference between the amount saved by A and B.

A. Rs. 4103
B. Rs. 4208
C. Rs. 4433
D. Rs. 4083
Four friends A, B, C and D went for dinner. A paid 40% of the bill. Of the remaining bill,
B paid 50%. Of the remaining bill, C paid 60%. D paid the remaining Rs. 924. What is
the difference (in Rs.) between the amount paid by A and C?

A. 770
B. 1694
C. 2310
D. 2156
In an examination Tarang got 25% marks and failed by 64 marks. If he had got 40%
marks he would have secured 32 marks more than the pass marks. Find the percentage of pass marks.

A. 224 marks
B. 250 marks
C. 150 marks
D. 295 marks
A company has 20 employees out of which ‘x’ employees are clerks and rests are
officers. Average salary of all the employees in a company is Rs. 5300. Salary of an
officer in the company is 275% more than the salary of a clerk in the company. Find
the salary of all the clerks together if the number of officers in the company is 50%
more than the number of clerks in the company.

A. Rs. 8000
B. Rs. 12000
C. Rs. 16000
D. Rs. 20000
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