Functional Occlusion

Functional Occlusion
Dr. Sinem ALBAYRAK

Determinants of Mandibular Movement
Occlusion and mandibular movements are controlled by three
determinants (factors):
1. TMJ, known as the posterior determinant
2. Teeth, known as the anterior determinant
3. Neuromuscular determinants
Determinants of Mandibular Movement
• Clinicians have no control over the posterior determinants (TMJs), as
these are unchangeable, but they can change the anterior
determinant (teeth).
Posterior Controlling Factors
(Condylar Guidance)
• As the condyle moves out of the

centric relation position, it
descends along the articular
eminence of the mandibular fossa.
• The rate at which it moves
inferiorly as the mandible is being
protruded depends on the
steepness of the articular
eminence.
(Condylar Guidance)
• If the surface is very steep, the

condyle will describe a steep
vertically inclined path.
• If it is flatter, the condyle will take
a path that is less vertically
inclined.
Posterior Controlling Factors (Condylar
Guidance)
• The angle at which the condyle moves away from a horizontal
reference plane is referred to as the condylar guidance angle.
• The condylar guidance is considered to be a fixed factor, since in the
healthy patient it is unalterable.
Posterior Controlling
Factors (Condylar
Guidance)
• The angle formed by the

steepness of the articular
surface of the temporal bone
as related to a imaginary
horizontal line is called
condylar guidance angle.
Articular eminence
(Condylar Guidance)
• The influence of the TMJ on

mandibular movements can
be expressed by the
inclination of the articular
eminence (condylar
inclination), the morphology
of the medial wall of the
glenoid fossa and the shape
of the condyle.
Anterior Controlling Factors
(Anterior Guidance)
Anterior guidance (incisal guidance):
• Indicates the effect of the contacting surfaces of the
maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth on the
mandibular movements (anterior and lateral
movement).
• It is represented by the vertical (overbite) and
horizontal overlap (overjet) of the anterior teeth.
Anterior Controlling Factors
(Anterior Guidance)
Anterior guidance (incisal guidance):
• When the mandible moves from the Maximum
Intercuspal Position (MIP) to an edge-to-edge
relationship, their path is determined by the palatal
surfaces of the maxillary anterior teeth.
Anterior Controlling Factors (Anterior
Guidance)
• The incisal edges of the mandibular teeth occlude with lingual
surface of the maxillary teeth as mandible protrude or move
laterally.
• The steepness of these lingual surface determines the amount of
vertical movement of mandible.
• If the surfaces of the anterior teeth are very steep, the anterior
aspect of the mandible will describe a steep incline path during
mandibular movement.
• If the surfaces of the anterior teeth little vertical overlap, they will
provide little vertical guidance during mandibular movement.
Anterior Controlling Factors (Anterior
Guidance)
• The anterior guidance is considered to be a variable, it can be altered
by dental procedures such as restorations, orthodontics, and
extractions.
• It can also be altered by pathologic conditions such as caries, habits,
and tooth wear.
Occlusion
• Occlusion is defined as the relationship of the maxillary and
mandibular teeth when closed together or during excursion of
movement when teeth are touching.
Mandibular Position
• Centric Relation
• Centric Occlusion
• Habitual Occlusion
• Working (Functional-Laterotrusive) Side Occlusion
• Non-Working (Balance – Mediotrusiv) Side Occlusion
• Static Occlusion
• Dynamic Occlusion (Articulation)
Centric Anterior-superior position
Articular disc
Relation
• It is the maxillo-mandibular relationship in
which, both condyles head articulate with
the thinnest avascular portion of their
respective articular discs with its complex
in the anterior-superior position against
the shapes of the articular eminencies.
• This position is independent on teeth
contact, bone-to-bone relationship and
can be noticeable clinically when the
mandible directed superiorly and
posteriorly.
Centric
Occlusion
• It is the contact
between the
occlusal surface of
the maxillary teeth
with the opposing
mandibular teeth
when the mandible
in centric relation.
Habitual Occlusion
• Habitual position of the lower jaw (“resting position”) is
unconsciously kept at a distance from the upper jaw while the head
and body are in an upright position.
• The position of the lower jaw in relation to the upper jaw is
determined neuromuscularly and by gravity.
• The habitual position of the lower jaw is a jaw position in which the
lower jaw is more or less at rest because it does not move visibly
(body at rest).
Static Occlusion
Static Occlusion
• Static occlusion is the study of
contacts between the teeth
when the jaw isnot moving.
• The occlusal contacts are
points.
Maximum
Intercuspal
Position
• The relationship between maxillary
and mandibular teeth which
produces the maximal contact
between their respective occlusal
surface.
• Maximum Intercuspal Position is
independent of condylar position.
• Maximal intercuspal position is a
maxillo-mandibular relationship
determined by tooth-to-tooth
relationship.
Working
(Functional-
Laterotrusive)
Side Occlusion
• It is the contact
between the
maxillary and
mandibular teeth in
the direction in
which the mandible
moves laterally.
Non-working
(Balance –
Mediotrusiv)
Side Occlusion
• It is the contact of
the maxillary and
mandibular teeth in
the opposite
direction of the
direction in which
the mandible moves
laterally.
Dynamic Occlusion
Dynamic Occlusion
(Articulation)
• Dynamic occlusion is the
study of the contacts that
teeth make when the
mandible is moving.
• The occlusal contacts are not
points, they are lines.
Occlusal Interferences
• Centric interference
• Working interference
• Nonworking interference
• Protrusive interference
Occlusal interference
• Occlusal interferences are defined as undesirable occlusal contacts
that prevent smooth movements of the mandible and is any tooth
contact that inhibits the remaining occluding surfaces from achieving
stable and harmonious contacts.
Centric
Interference
• These occur during the maximum
intercuspal position of the mandible.
In other words, it is the contact that
prevents maximum closure when the
condyles are in their optimum
position in the fossa.
• They occur in the mesial and distal
slopes of the mandibular buccal cusps
and cause anterior displacement of
the mandible.
Working
Lingual cusp slope
Interference
• Occur when there is contact
between the maxillary and
mandibular posterior teeth on the
same side of the arches as the R
direction in which the mandible
has moved.
• They occur in the lingual cusp
slopes of the maxillary teeth and
the buccal cusp slopes of the
mandibular cusps. Buccal cusp slope
Non-working Buccal cusp slope
interference
between the maxillary and
mandibular posterior teeth opposite
the direction in which the mandible R
has moved in a lateral excursion.
• They occur at the buccal slopes of
the maxillary cusps and the lingual
cusp slopes of the mandibular cusps.
• They are the most harmful
interferences. Lingual cusp slope
Protrusive
Distal aspect of maxillary
interference posterior teeth

occurring between the mesial
aspects of mandibular distal mesial
posterior teeth and the distal
aspects of maxillary posterior
teeth.
Mesial aspect of mandibular

posterior teeth
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Functional Occlusion

Dr. Sinem ALBAYRAK

• As the condyle moves out of the

• If the surface is very steep, the

• The angle formed by the

• The influence of the TMJ on

• Occur when there is contact

Mesial aspect of mandibular

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