PMS Un & Saarc

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United Nations

General Assembly – Powers & Functions


The Structure
UNSC
Security Council; can meet any time to preserve peace
 Primary responsibility for maintenance of int. peace & security
 It has 15 Members (5 permanent and 10 non-permanent members)
 Non- Permanent members :5 Afro+Asia , 2W. Europe & others, 2 Latin. America
+Caribbean Islands, 1 from eastern Europe
 Each Member has one vote
 9 votes needed for a resolution to be passed out of 15 votes
Each of the five can veto any of the resolution

10 non-permanent members are elected by GA for two-year term


 All member States to comply with Council decisions


 Takes lead in determining existence of a threat or act of aggression
A Secretariat to run the organization
 A SG is elected by the GA for renewable 5-year term

 The bureaucratic administration of day to day affairs of the UN


UNSC Powers & Functions
UN accomplishment
UN Success strokes
UN Success strokes
Dilemma with the UN

The Kashmir Issue- 1947 to date


The Palestine Issue-1947 to date

The Korean War- 1950-54 and Korean Peninsula today

Rwanda massacres

Somalia Famine and civil war

First Iraq War

Bosnia-Herzegovina massacre and the Serbs

The Responsibility to Protect is a global political commitment


Endorsed by all states of United Nations at the 2005 World Summit

To address its four key concerns - prevent genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and

crimes against humanity


Analysis
Reforming the UN
Reforming UN
Model A
Increase in permanent seats 5 -11 non-permanent seats 10-13

G 4 States (Equitable representation)


Brazil, Germany, India and Japan lobby for Model A as it serves their long-

standing aspirations and attempts to secure permanent membership and


consequently to play a bigger role in world affairs
If either one is rejected, the other 3 won’t accept the offer
Reforming the UN
Pak Stance Reforming the UN
Pak-led UfC proposal
The UN Peace and Security Architecture
Pakistan’s Blue Helmets
Pakistan’s Blue Helmets
Pak Peacekeeping Efforts
Reform Agenda of UN
 UNSG made reform proposals to since the beginning of his term 2017
 UN has made sweeping changes in the following areas
 2030 Agenda: no sustainable development without peace – vice versa
 Saving Humanity from the scourge of war - prevention, is among the
most fundamental charter obligations
 It resides in the raison d’être of the organization
UN 2023 World Summit - Inclusive Global Governance

 https://www.un.org/pga/75/wp-content/uploads/sites/100/2021/03/Letter-PGA-VS.pdf

 https://www.stimson.org/2021/beyond-un75-a-roadmap-for-inclusive-networked-effective-
global-governance/

 https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2020-07-18/secretary-generals-nelson-m
andela-lecture-%E2%80%9Ctackling-the-inequality-pandemic-new-social-contract-for-new-
era%E2%80%9D-delivered

 https://www.passblue.com/2021/06/21/making-the-un-more-relevant-in-the-next-25-years
-is-within-our-reach/

 https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/11/04/united-nations-security-council-russia-war-ukraine-gl
obal-order/
 https://www.cfr.org/councilofcouncils/global-memos/un-turns-seventy-
five-heres-how-make-it-relevant-again
 https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2021-03-18/world-still-
needs-un
 https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/sep/08/dont-
sideline-un-security-council
 https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/09/17/biden-us-united-nations-
relations-general-assembly-security-council-speech/
 https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-09-03/UN-reform-What-to-change-
and-what-to-keep--SXkY62EUoM/index.html
 https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-is-a-failure-of-global-
governance-now-the-world-needs-a-radical-transformation-136535
SAARC
Regionalism
Regional Integration
Regional Integration
Two types
Positive integration

Negative Integration

Integration is an incremental process over time

Generated by both eco interdependence & state rational calculations


SAARC Evolution
SAARC Pioneer Leadership
Members
Observers

 Observer states: a status entitles them to express their opinion, engage in dual
agues, and give advice but denies them decision making and voting rights
 The role of Obser
 vers would, vary from one group to another
3 types of Observers
 First - who wish to become members
 Second - no interest in membership, but interested in keeping a tab on proceedings
 Third - who may wish to be present at gatherings not to observe what members are
doing, but to observe other Observers
SAARC – Starters
 3% of the world's area, 25% of population, ($2.9 trillion)
 World’s most densely populated region – the most fertile areas
 Official language – English
 Headquarters - Kathmandu, Nepal – 16th January 1987
 SG is appointed for a 3 year term by a Council of Ministers
 Sri Lanka's diplomat Esala Weerakoon is the current SG - March 2020
 Summits are usually held biennially
 Hosted by member states in alphabetical order
 Member state hosting the summit assumes the Chair of the SAARC
 On December 8, 1985, first SAARC Summit held in Dhaka
 Afghanistan added as full member - 13th Summit - New Delhi, 2007
Article 1 - Objectives
Article 2 - Principles
SAARC Charter adheres UN principles
Promoting peace, stability and progress in the region

Respect for the principles of


Principles of sovereignty

National independence

Peaceful settlement of disputes

No interference in the internal affairs of other states

Irrespective of the population, financial status, military status and strength all

states are treated as equal entity


Decision Making Mechanism

 Based according to the article 10 of the SAARC charter as given


below;
 Decisions at all levels shall be taken on the basis of unanimity
 Bilateral & contentious issues shall be excluded from the
deliberations
 Process of informal political consultation b/w leaders -9th summit 97
SAARC Apex Bodies

 SAARC Chamber of Commerce & Industry (SCCI)


 SAARCLAW (South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation In
Law)
 South Asian Federation of Accountants (SAFA)
 South Asia Foundation (SAF)
 SA Initiative to End Violence Against Children (SAIEVAC)
 Foundation of SAARC Writers and Literature (FOSWA)
SAARC Constituents
 SAARC Agricultural Centre (SAC)
 SAARC Metrological Research Centre (SMRC)
 SAARC Forestry Centre (SFC)
 SAARC Development Fund (SDF)
 SAARC Documentation Centre (SDC)
 SAARC Disaster Management Centre (SDMC)
 SAARC Coastal Zone Management Centre (SCZMC)
 SAARC Information Centre (SIC)
 SAARC Tubercolosis/HIV Aids Centre (STAC)
 SAARC Human Resources Management Centre (SHRMC)
 SAARC Energy Centre (SAC)
 SAARC Cultural Centre (SCC)
 SAARC Arbitration Council (SARCO)
 SAARC Development Fund (SDF)
 South Asian University (New Delhi)
 South Asian Regional Standards Org (SARCO)
Other Key Initiatives
Other Key Initiatives
Summits
18th Summit - 26–27 Nov 2014
Accomplishments
Factors Inhibiting Cooperation - Comatose
Factors Inhibiting Cooperation
Factors Inhibiting Cooperation
Challenges
Sino’s attempts to make inroads into SA
Pak-Afghan Bilateral Trade
SAARC comparison with ASEAN
SAARC comparison with ASEAN
SAARC comparison with ASEAN
Pandemic (Opportune Moment)
Pandemic (Opportune Moment)
 India-initiated Video Conference of SAARC (Mar 15)

 Modi set up an emergency fund to fight the coronavirus

 India offered $10 million, “Any of us can use the fund to meet the
cost of immediate actions,” Prime Minister Narendra Modi told
regional leaders via video conference, adding that India would also
offer rapid response teams and other expertise to deal with the crisis
 Other pledges include $5m by Sri Lanka, Bangladesh $1.5m, Nepal
and Afghanistan $1m each, Maldives $0.2m and Bhutan $0.1m
 Pakistan was the last member state to contribute to the fund, which
now has pledges worth $3mn.
During Pandemic
 Pak boycotted Video conference of trade officials (April 08)
 Pak hosted Health Ministers’ Video Conference (April 23)
 (Real-time sharing of information and clinical data, capacity building
and training of medical and paramedical staff, supply of medicines
and medical equipment, research coordination and enhancing
cooperation with frontline international organizations including the
WHO (World Health Organization) came under discussion)
 Proposals to fast-track creation of linkages among medical
universities, academia and research institutions came under review.
Pakistan proposed greater coordination among health authorities of
SAARC member states and activating the SAARC Technical Committee
on Health and Population Activities)
During Pandemic
(For efficacy, meetings to be spearheaded by secretariat instead of India)
Pak hosted SAARC Planning Ministers meeting (Nov 26)

(Theme; Shaping the SAARC Vision 2030

Discussed National SDGs approaches, Impact of Covid 19 on Eco growth in

SA region and strategy for collection Action for development financing. Pak
emphasized affordable and effective provision of COVID-19 vaccine for
SAARC, which seems vital keeping in view the fact that region is home to
one-fourth of global population and further 96 million people in the region
live in extreme poverty. Pak deliberated the importance of debt relief and
availability of concessional financing for the SAARC region in order to tackle
COVID-19 pandemic proficiently) ‘Global Initiative for Debt Relief’
Pak Ready to host 19th annual Summit in Isb at the earliest
A Way Forward!
 https://www.news9live.com/india/india-needs-to-revitalise-saarc-to-
boost-falling-regional-economies-163689
 7 Reasons Why SAARC Could Not Create A Global Influence (india.com)

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