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Parallel Operation of Alternators
Parallel Operation of Alternators
Advantages of Parallel Operation of Alternators • Continuity of service • Efficiency • Maintenance and repair • Load growth Conditions for Paralleling Alternator • The terminal voltage (r.m.s. value) of the incoming alternator must be the same as busbars voltage. • The frequency of the generated voltage of the incoming alternator must be equal to the busbars frequency. • The phase of the incoming alternator voltage must be identical with the phase of the busbars voltage. In other words, the two voltages must be in phase with each other. • The phase sequence of the voltage of the incoming alternator should be the same as that of the busbars. Synchronization of Single Phase Alternators Lamps Dark Method Lamps Bright Method Sychronization of Three Phase Alternators • Step 1: Start the prime mover of machine B and adjust its speed to a synchronous speed. • Step 2: By adjusting the rheostat, the excitation to the field is adjusted so that induced e.m.f. of B is equal to the induced e.m.f. of A. This can be verified by voltmeter. • Step 3: To satisfy remaining conditions, the three lamps pairs are used which are L1, L2 and L3 as shown in the Fig. 1. These are connected in such a way that pair L1 is straight connected while the pairs L2 and L3 are cross connected. Synchronization by Synchroscope BLONDEL'S TWO REACTION THEORY (THEORY OF SALIENT POLE MACHINE) Determination of Xd and Xq using Slip Test Vmax Xd 3I min
Vmin Xq 3I max POWER ANGLE CHARACTERISTICS CAPABILITY CURVES