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    Clinical Chemistry PPT LS 2

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    Devvi Riasari Bunardi
    This document discusses various clinical chemistry tests including liver function tests, kidney function tests, lipid profiles, and blood glucose tests. It describes what plasma and serum are and how they are prepared from blood samples. Several important liver enzymes are outlined, including ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, total protein, and bilirubin. Their roles in detecting and monitoring liver diseases are summarized. Kidney function tests and their use in evaluating kidney health are also briefly mentioned.

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    Clinical Chemistry PPT LS 2

    Uploaded by

    Devvi Riasari Bunardi
    596 views19 pages
    This document discusses various clinical chemistry tests including liver function tests, kidney function tests, lipid profiles, and blood glucose tests. It describes what plasma and serum are and how they are prepared from blood samples. Several important liver enzymes are outlined, including ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, total protein, and bilirubin. Their roles in detecting and monitoring liver diseases are summarized. Kidney function tests and their use in evaluating kidney health are also briefly mentioned.

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    Clinical Chemistry Ppt LS 2

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    This document discusses various clinical chemistry tests including liver function tests, kidney function tests, lipid profiles, and blood glucose tests. It describes what plasma and serum are and how they are prepared from blood samples. Several important liver enzymes are outlined, including ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, total protein, and bilirubin. Their roles in detecting and monitoring liver diseases are summarized. Kidney function tests and their use in evaluating kidney health are also briefly mentioned.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    596 views19 pages

    Clinical Chemistry PPT LS 2

    Uploaded by

    Devvi Riasari Bunardi
    This document discusses various clinical chemistry tests including liver function tests, kidney function tests, lipid profiles, and blood glucose tests. It describes what plasma and serum are and how they are prepared from blood samples. Several important liver enzymes are outlined, including ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, total protein, and bilirubin. Their roles in detecting and monitoring liver diseases are summarized. Kidney function tests and their use in evaluating kidney health are also briefly mentioned.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Clinical Chemistry

    prepared by

    Dr. Akaber Tarek Biochemistry Department

    Plasma & Serum


    Plasma

    Serum

    Blood + clotting factor Formed elements. Contain fibrinogen & pr-othrombin. No thrombin is formed.

    Blood clotting factor. Formed elements. No fibrinogen& prothrombin. Thrombin formed during clotting process.

    Preparation of samples
    Serum:
    Blood is taken in clean tube. Put at 370 c for clotting. Centrifuge the sample. Use the supernatant that is serum.

    Plasma:
    Blood is taken on anticoagulant. Mix well blood with anticoagulant. Use the sample that is plasma.

    To prevent hemolysis during vein puncture :


    Never draw blood through a hematoma . Remove the tourniquet as early as possible to decrease flow velocity and turbulence. Do not remove the collection tube until full. When mixing is required, gentle inversion is adequate.

    Procedures of tests
    Take blood sample from patient in suitable tube. Put the sample in water bath 370c for coagulation. Centrifuge the sample for 10 min. to obtain clear serum. Carry out the procedures according kits. Then make the calculation.

    Liver Function Tests


    LFT used to detect, evaluated and monitor liver diseases or damage.

    These include:
    Total protein (albumin & globulins) Albumin (main protein made by liver) ALT or SGPT alanine aminotranferase AST or SGOT aspartate aminotranferase ALP alkaline phosphatase Bilirubin (total & direct) GGT, LDH, PT (pro-thrombin time)

    ALT
    ALT is an enzyme found mostly in the liver; smaller amounts of it are also in the kidneys, heart, and muscles. ALT test detects liver injury More Specific. Very high levels of ALT due to acute hepatitis.

    AST
    AST is an enzyme found mostly in the heart and liver, and to a lesser extent in other muscles. AST not specific. Very high levels of AST due to acute hepatitis.

    ALP
    ALP is an enzyme found in high concentrations in bone and in the liver. Smaller amounts of ALP are found in the placenta. ALP is not specific for liver diseases.

    GGT
    GGT is an enzyme found mainly in the liver. It is the most sensitive liver enzyme in detecting bile duct problems. A rise in GGT can occur even when there is no identifiable cause that is related to liver diseases.

    Total Protein
    The total protein test is a rough measure of all of the protein in the plasma portion of your blood. Total protein measures the combined amount of two classes of proteins, albumin and globulin. Low total protein levels suggest liver disease. A/G ratio is normally slightly over 1 A low A/G ratio may reflect overproduction of globulins underproduction of albumin.

    Albumin
    Albumin is the most abundant protein in the blood plasma. Low albumin levels can suggest liver diseases, inflammation, shock, malnutrition & kidney diseases. High albumin levels usually reflect dehydration.

    Bilirubin
    Bilirubin is an orange-yellow pigment found in bile. RBCs normally degrade after 120 days in the circulation. At this time, hemoglobin (the red-colored pigment of red blood) breaks down into bilirubin. Unconjugated bilirubin is carried to the liver, where sugars are attached to it, producing conjugated bilirubin. When bilirubin levels are high, a condition called Jaundice.

    Kidney Function Tests:


    KFT used to evaluate and monitor kidney diseases or damage & the effectiveness of the treatment.

    These include: Urea & BUN blood urea nitrogen Creatinine and creatinine clearance. Uric acid.

    Lipid profile
    Lipid profile includes:

    1)Total lipids 2)Triglycerides 3) Cholesterol 4) HDL 5) LDL These tests must be carried out after 12-15 fasting due the high molecular weight of lipid molecules and the prolonged digestion and metabolism.

    Blood Glucose
    Blood glucose level is one of the most important test in the lab. Glucose is very essential for all body activities. This includes: 1) RBS random blood sugar 2) FBS fasting blood sugar 3) PPS post-prondial blood sugar

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