Power Point Acid Rain
Power Point Acid Rain
Power Point Acid Rain
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this lesson students are able to: 1. Describe the meaning of acid rain 2. Explain the formation of acid rain. 3. State the causes and effect of acid rain to the environment. 4. Identify the ways to overcome acid rain.
DEFINATION
CAUSES
CONTENT
FORMATION
EFFECTS
nitric and sulfuric acids formed primarily by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides that released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned. It is wet precipitation in form of rain, snow, or fog. Acid rain has a pH below 5.6. Normal rain has a pH of about 5.6, which is slightly acidic.
Natural sources
Emission of volcanoes
Human sources
Industrial factories Burning petrol in vehicles
Biological process
Natural Sources
Emissions from volcanoes and from biological
processes that occur on the land, in wetlands, and in the oceans contribute acid-producing gases to the atmosphere
HUMAN SOURCE
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is generally a byproduct of
industrial processes and burning of fossil fuels. Ore smelting, coal-fired power generators and natural gas processing are the main contributors of sulfur dioxide.
The main source of NOx emissions is the
combustion of fuels in motor vehicles, residential and commercial furnaces, industrial and electrical-utility boilers and engines, and other equipment.
Nitrogen cycle
Sulfur cycle
Russia
Industrial country
Germany
China
Effects of Acid Rain - lake Harmful to aquatic life. Increase acidity in water bodies.
Stops eggs of certain organisms (e.g. fish) to stop hatching. Fish usually die only when the acid level of a lake is high but they become sick and stunted growth and lose their ability to reproduce when the acid level is lower.
Effect changes of aquatic life population ratio and affect the ecosystem.
Effect of Acid Rain -plant & soil Leeches toxins from soil, poisoning plants Leeches nutrients from soil, slowing plant growth
Harmful to vegetation
Effects of Acid Rain -builing &paint decay of building materials and paints, including
irreplaceable buildings, statues, and sculptures that are part of our nation's cultural heritage that made from sandstone and limestone. Acid rain dissolves the stonework and mortar of buildings reacts with the minerals in the stone to form a powdery substance that can be washed away by rain
Effects of Acid Rain - human health Respiratory problems, difficult to breath for asthma,
dry coughs, headaches and throat irritations. caused by the sulphur dioxides and nitrogen oxides from acid rain. Leeching of toxins from the soil by acid rain can be absorbed by plants and animals. When consumed, these toxins affect humans severely. Brain damage, kidney problems, and Alzheimer's disease has been linked to people eating "toxic" animals and plants.
Solution
1. Reduce amount of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide released into the atmosphere:
Use less energy (hence less fuel burnt)
before releasing
Flue gas desulphurization Catalytic Converters
2. Liming
Powdered limewater added to water and soil to
neutralize acid Used extensively in Norway and Sweden Expensive, short-term remedy
3. Use other sources of electricity Nuclear power Hydro-electricity Wind energy Geothermal energy Solar energy)
Nuclear energy
Hydro enegy
Solar energy
Wind energy
Geothermal energy