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    Input and Output Redirection

    Uploaded by

    Mohamed Shawky
    This document discusses input/output redirection in Linux/Unix. It covers: - File descriptors for standard input, output, and error - Redirecting standard input from files using < - Redirecting standard output to files using > - Redirecting standard error to files using 2> - Common redirection operators > and >> for overwriting and appending - Using filters like grep to operate on input and send output - Piping output from one command into another using | - The tee command for copying input to both stdout and files

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Input and Output Redirection

    Uploaded by

    Mohamed Shawky
    34 views16 pages
    This document discusses input/output redirection in Linux/Unix. It covers: - File descriptors for standard input, output, and error - Redirecting standard input from files using < - Redirecting standard output to files using > - Redirecting standard error to files using 2> - Common redirection operators > and >> for overwriting and appending - Using filters like grep to operate on input and send output - Piping output from one command into another using | - The tee command for copying input to both stdout and files

    Original Title

    Module 9

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    This document discusses input/output redirection in Linux/Unix. It covers: - File descriptors for standard input, output, and error - Redirecting standard input from files using < - Redirecting standard output to files using > - Redirecting standard error to files using 2> - Common redirection operators > and >> for overwriting and appending - Using filters like grep to operate on input and send output - Piping output from one command into another using | - The tee command for copying input to both stdout and files

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    34 views16 pages

    Input and Output Redirection

    Uploaded by

    Mohamed Shawky
    This document discusses input/output redirection in Linux/Unix. It covers: - File descriptors for standard input, output, and error - Redirecting standard input from files using < - Redirecting standard output to files using > - Redirecting standard error to files using 2> - Common redirection operators > and >> for overwriting and appending - Using filters like grep to operate on input and send output - Piping output from one command into another using | - The tee command for copying input to both stdout and files

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 16

    Input and Output Redirection

    Input and Output Redirection

    Module 9

    Input and Output Redirection

    Introduction One important thing you have to know to understand I/O redirection is file descriptors. There are three types of I/O, called a file descriptor. They are standard input, standard output, standard error. Topics Input Redirection Output Redirection Error Redirection Filter Pipes

    Input and Output Redirection

    Input Redirection
    The standard input (stdin) by default is any text entered from the

    keyboard.
    Standard input can be redirected through the use of command line

    argument and redirection operators (like <) so that it becomes a source other than the keyboard argument.
    The input redirection is generally useful if you have a data file and a

    command that expects input from standard input.

    Contd

    Input and Output Redirection

    Input Redirection
    Example of input redirection

    Input and Output Redirection

    Output Redirection
    The default standard output (stdout) is the display screen.

    The command line programs automatically send their output to the

    screen.
    Standard output can be redirected through the use of command line

    argument and redirection operators (like >).


    The standard output can be redirected from the screen to any file or to

    the printer.

    Contd

    Input and Output Redirection

    Output Redirection
    Example of output redirection # ls > list.file

    Syntax # command > (file name

    Input and Output Redirection

    Error Redirection
    By default the standard error (stderr) displays on the terminal and can

    be redirected into a file, printer and any other program.

    Standard error can be redirected with the standard error redirection operator (i.e 2>, 2>>).

    The error messages can be redirected to any file, so that the error

    messages will not appear on the screen and it is written to the file.

    Contd

    Input and Output Redirection

    Error Redirection
    Example of error redirection # ll myfile 2>error_message

    Syntax command (filename) 2> (filename)

    Input and Output Redirection

    Common Redirection Operators


    There are two common redirection operators

    > >>
    > operator sends the input of command or file to the other file as standard input, overwriting the existing file. > > operator sends the input of command or file to the other file as standard input, appending text to an existing file, instead of overwriting the file.

    Contd

    Input and Output Redirection

    Common Redirection Operators


    Usage of > operator

    Syntax # cat > (filename)

    Contd

    Input and Output Redirection

    Common Redirection Operators


    Usage of the >> operator

    Contd

    Input and Output Redirection

    Filters
    Filters take standard input and perform an operation upon it and

    send the results to standard output.

    Example for filters: grep root /etc/passwd The grep command is used to filter the root user from the /etc/passwd file.

    Input and Output Redirection

    Pipes
    A pipe is a mechanism for interprocess communication.

    The data written to the pipe by one process can be read by another

    process. It is handled in a first-in, first-out (FIFO) order.


    Pipes ( | ) let you redirected output from one command to become input

    to another command.

    Example: simple pipe with more ls -l | more

    Contd

    Input and Output Redirection

    Pipes
    The tee command

    The tee command copies the standard input to standard output and also to any files given with an argument.
    This is useful when you want not only to send some data down a pipe, but also to save a copy. If a file being written which does not already exist, it is created.

    If a file being written which already exists, the data contained is overwritten unless the -a option (appends the standard input to the given files rather than overwriting)
    Contd

    Input and Output Redirection

    Pipes
    Example of tee command

    Syntax tee <option> <file name>

    Input and Output Redirection

    Lab Exercise
    Filter and display the word blue from the file my_sortfile

    Sort and redirect the data from one file to another

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